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Human Bio Uni > Compendium 2 > Flashcards

Compendium 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Lysosomes

A

Demolition crew

Digestion of molecules that are no longer needed by the cell

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2
Q

Nucleus

A

Nuclear envelope a bilateral members be surrounding the nucleus envelope

Nucleoplasm

Nucleolus - primary produces ribosomes

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3
Q

Ribosomes

A

Composed of 2 subunits: large and small

Free ribosomes and membrane bound ribosomes

Site of proven synthesis

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4
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Thought endoplasmic:
-synthesis and modification of proteins

Smooth er:

  • site of lipid, steroid and carbohydrate synthesis
  • detoxification of harmful substances
  • breakdown of glycogen to glucose
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5
Q

Cytoplasm:

A

Cellular fluid material outside the nucleus but within the boundaries of the plasma membrane

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6
Q

Cytosol

A

Fluid portion of the cytoplasm

- cytoplasmic inclusion - aggregates of chemicals     - cytoskeleton- supports the cell and it's organelles. Responsible for changes to the shape of the cell and movement of its organelles
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7
Q

Cytoskeleton?

A

Support the cell and it’s organelles. Responsible for changes to the shape of the cell and the movement of its organelles

  • microtubules
    - microfillaments
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8
Q

Flagella?

A

Increases the cells surface area

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9
Q

Epithelial tissue?

A

Covers and protects

Distinct cell surfaces

Avascular but inner areas

Ability to regenerate

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10
Q

Simple squamous ?

A

FUNCTIONS
Diffusion, filtration and some secretion

LOCATION:
Kidney, air sacs of lungs

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11
Q

Simple cuboidal?

A

FUNCTION:
Absorption, secretion and movement

LOCATION:
Kidney tubules and terminal bronchioles

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12
Q

Simple columnar

A

FUNCTIONS:
Absorption, secretion and movement

LOCATION:
Intestines, stomach, Fallopian tubes and lungs

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13
Q

Transitional epithelium?

A

FUNCTIONS:
Accommodate changes in fluid volume of the organs

LOCATIONS:
Urinary bladder, ureter and upper part of urethra

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14
Q

Stratified squats nous

A

FUNCTION:
Protection against abrasion and loss of water

LOCATION:
Keratinized: sole of feet, Palm of hands, skin
Non keratinised: mouth, oesophagi a, anus and vagina

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15
Q

Stratified cuboidal

A

FUNCTION:
Absorption, secretion and protection

LOCATION:
-ducts of sweat glands, ducts of salivary glands and developing ovum

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16
Q

Stratified columnar

A

Functions:
Secretion and protection

Location:
Ducts of mammary glands, larynx and part of the male urethra

17
Q

Pseudo- stratified columnar

A

Function:
Secretion and movement

Location:
Pharynx, trachea, males sperm carrying ducts

18
Q

Cells that do not exist?

A

Simple transitional
Stratified transitional
Pseudosttafied (squamous, cudoidal, and transitional)

19
Q

Connective tissue?

A

FUNCTION:
Bonds together, supports and strengthens, protects, insulates, compartmentalise, transports, provides energy

LOCATION:
Found in all organs buts its amount in each organ varies

20
Q

Loose connective tissue proper?

A

AREOLAR:

  • loose packing, supports and binding other tissues
  • widely distributed throughout the body
  • connective tissue that epithelia of skin rests on

ADIPOSE:
Functions- nutrient storing ability, shock absorption and protection, insulation
Location- fat beneath the skin, surrounding Lindsey, breast, abdomen and hips

RETICULAR:
Function- forms a framework to support free cells
Location- lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

21
Q

Dense connection tissue

Proper?

A

REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE:
functions; attachment
Location; tendons, most ligaments

IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE:
Functions; provides strength and stretching
Location; skins dermis, fibrous coverings surrounding bones, cartilages, muscles and nerves,

ELASTIC CONNECTIVE
Functions; has high recoil and strength
Location; wall of arteries, ligaments between spinal veterebrate

22
Q

Classes of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue proper
Cartilage
Bone
Blood

23
Q

Cartilage?

A

Functions:
-provides protection, flexibility, rigidity and capable of withstanding pressure

Types and their locations:
Hyaline- most abundant and found in the rib cage, trachea, articulating surfaces of bones and nose
Fibrocartilage: found in the intervertebral disc and pubic symphysis
Elastic cartilage: found in ear and epiglottis

24
Q

Bone

A
  • supports and protects body structures
  • composed of cells and matrix
  • osteocytes (bone cells) reside in lacunae

Two types:
Spongy bone; found at ends of long bones, sternum, vertebrate and pelvis

Company bone; found in the shaft of long bone and makes up the outer portions of all bones

25
Q

Blood

A

Mostly red blood cells, and scattered white blood cells and platelets

Transport for nutrients, waste and respiratory gases around the body

26
Q

Skeletal muscle?

A
  • muscles attached to the bones of the skeleton, hence the name
  • muscle cells are called muscle fibres
  • striated muscles
  • mostly under voluntary control but involuntary movements can occur with skeletal muscles
27
Q

Cardiac muscle ?

A

Only found in the walls of the heart, where it is responsible for pumping blood around body

Striated muscle with intercalated disks

Under involuntary control

28
Q

Smooth muscle?

A

Found mainly in the walls of hallow organs (stomach, bladder, uterus, blood vessels)

No striations and single nucleus per muscle cell

Under involuntary control

29
Q

Nervous system?

A

Nervous system:
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves

Nervous tissue is the main component of the nervous system

  • neurones
  • supporting cells
30
Q

Neurone:

A

Cell body
Dendrites - input of info
Axon - conducting or transmitting info

31
Q

Primary tissue types?

A

Epithelial -> covers
Connective -> support
Muscle -> movement
Nervous -> control

32
Q

Golgi apparatus?

A

Structure:

  • flattened membranous sacs
  • secretory vesicles

Functions:

  • traffic director for cellular proteins
  • modifies, packages and distributes proteins and lipids that are made of fought endoplasmic reticulum

Human Bio Uni (8 decks)

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