Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Surgery Rotation > Compartment Syndrome > Flashcards

Compartment Syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A
  • compartmental hypertension caused by edema, resulting in muscle necrosis of the lower extremity, often seen in the calf; patient may have a distal pulse.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What complication after prolonged ischemia to the lower extremity must be treated immediately?

A
  • compartment syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the treatment for compartment syndrome?

A
  • opening compartments via bilateral calf-incision fasciotomies of all four compartments in the calf within 4 hours.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What must be looked for postoperatively after reperfusion of a limb?

A
  • compartment syndrome, hyperkalemia, renal failure from myoglobinuria, MI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why does tissue swelling from reperfusion to the leg cause compartment syndrome?

A
  • because the leg is separated into compartments by unyielding fascia and the increased intracompartmental pressure results in decreased capillary flow, ischemia, and myonecrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

At what intracompartmental pressure does myonecrosis occur?

A
  • 30 mm Hg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of compartment syndrome?

A
  • SYMPTOMS: pain out of proportion, especially after passive flexing/extension of the foot, paralysis, paresthesias
  • SIGNS: cyanosis or pallor, hypoesthesia (decreased sensation to two-point discrimination), firm compartment
  • PULSES ARE PRESENT in most cases because systolic pressure is much higher than the minimal 30 mm Hg needed for the syndrome!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Can a patient have a pulse and compartment syndrome?

A

YES!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is the diagnosis of compartment syndrome made?

A
  • history/suspicion, compartment pressure measurment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the chief concern following tibial fractures?

A
  • compartment syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the causes of compartment syndrome?

A
  • fractures, vascular compromise, reperfursion injury, compressive dressings; can occur after any musculoskeletal injury.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the common causes of forearm compartment syndrome?

A
  • supracondylar humerus fracture, brachial artery injury, radius/ulna fracture, crush injury.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Volkmann’s contracture?

A
  • final sequela of forearm compartment syndrome; CONTRACTURE of the forearm flexors from replacement of dead muscle with fibrous tissue.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most common site of compartment syndrome?

A
  • calf (four compartments: anterior, lateral, deep posterior, superficial, posterior compartments)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What 4 situations should immediately alert one to be on the lookout for a developing compartment syndrome?

A
  1. supracondylar elbow fractures in children
  2. proximal/midshaft tibial fractures
  3. electrical burns
  4. arterial/venous disruption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 4 possible complications of compartment syndrome?

A
  1. muscle necrosis
  2. nerve damage
  3. contractures
  4. myoglobinuria
17
Q

What is the initial treatment of the orthopedic patient developing compartment syndrome?

A
  • bivalve and split casts, remove constricting clothes/dressings, place extremity at heart level.
18
Q

What is ABDOMINAL compartment syndrome?

A
  • increased intra-abdominal pressure usually seen after laparotomy or after massive IVF resuscitation (e.g. BURN patients).
19
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of ABDOMINAL compartment syndrome?

A
  • tight distended abdomen
  • decreased urine output
  • increased airway pressure
  • INCREASED INTRA-ABDOMINAL PRESSURE
20
Q

How do you measure intra-abdominal pressure?

A
  • via intrabladder pressure (Foley catheter hooked up to manometry after instillation of 50-100 cc of water).
21
Q

What is normal intra-abdominal pressure?

A
  • less than 15 mm Hg
22
Q

What intra-abdominal pressure indicates need for treatment?

A
  • greater than 25 mm Hg, especially if signs of compromise
23
Q

What is the treatment of ABDOMINAL compartment syndrome?

A
  • release the pressure by placing drain and/or decrompressive laparotomy (leaving fascia open).
24
Q

What is a “Bogata Bag”?

A
  • sheet of plastic (empty urology irrigation bag or IV bag) used to temporarily close the abdomen to allow for more intra-abdominal volume.

Surgery Rotation (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions