✓ Comparison of Approaches (AO1 + Essay Plan) Flashcards
Cognitive Approach -
Nature vs. Nurture
Nature - cog. neuroscience & schemas in brain
vs.
Nurture - schemas based on lived experiences
Cognitive Approach -
Free Will vs. Determinism
Soft Determinism - choice in what we see in our environment (schemas)
vs.
Hard Determinism - cog. neuroscience
Cognitive Approach -
Holism vs. Reductionism
Reductionism - machine reductionist/ computer analogy
Cognitive Approach -
Nomothetic vs. Idiographic
Nomothetic - brain scans/general laws
Cognitive Approach -
Treatments for Abnormal Behaviour
CBT
Behaviourist Approach -
Nature vs. Nurture
Nurture - classical/operant conditioning
Behaviourist Approach -
Free Will vs. Determinism
Hard Determinism - behaviour caused by oc/cc
Behaviourist Approach -
Holism vs. Reductionism
Reductionism - reduces behaviour to stimulus-response/ associations (environmental reductionism)
Behaviourist Approach -
Nomothetic vs. Idiographic
Nomothetic - animal studies (Pavlov’s dogs & Skinner’s rats)
vs.
Idiographic - case studies (Little Albert)
Behaviourist Approach -
Treatments for Abnormal Behaviour
systematic desensitisation for phobias
Social Learning Theory -
Nature vs. Nurture
Nature - mediational processes (retention)
vs.
Nurture - role models in our environment
Social Learning Theory -
Free Will vs. Determinism
Soft Determinism - role models determine our behaviour BUT we also have choice in who our role models are
Social Learning Theory -
Holism vs. Reductionism
Holism - range of mediational processes
vs.
Reductionism - reduces behaviour to being caused by role models
Social Learning Theory -
Nomothetic vs. Idiographic
Nomothetic - Bandura’s bobo dolls
Social Learning Theory -
Treatments for Abnormal Behaviour
good role models
Biological Approach -
Nature vs. Nurture
Nature - genes/ neurotransmitters/ brain structure/ evolution determines behaviour
Biological Approach -
Free Will vs. Determinism
Hard Determinism - all behaviour caused by genes etc.
(biological determinism)
Biological Approach -
Holism vs. Reductionism
Reductionism - reduces behaviour to small parts (genes etc.)
(biological reductionism)
Biological Approach -
Nomothetic vs. Idiographic
Nomothetic - twin studies & general laws abt genes etc.
Biological Approach -
Treatments for Abnormal Behaviour
drugs e.g. SSRI’s
Psychodynamic Approach -
Nature vs. Nurture
Nature - tripartite model (id, ego, superego)
vs.
Nurture - based on early childhood experiences
Psychodynamic Approach -
Free Will vs. Determinism
Hard Determinism - id causes behaviour (psychic determinism)
Psychodynamic Approach -
Holism vs. Reductionism
Reductionism - reduces mind to id, ego, superego
Psychodynamic Approach -
Nomothetic vs. Idiographic
Nomothetic - general laws e.g. psychosexual stages of development
vs.
Idiographic - case studies (Little Hans)
Psychodynamic Approach -
Treatments for Abnormal Behaviour
talking therapies
e.g. psychoanalysis - dream analysis
Humanistic Approach -
Nature vs. Nurture
Nurture - conditions of worth, parts of hierarchy of needs (safety, physiological etc.)
Humanistic Approach -
Free Will vs. Determinism
Free Will - we have choice abt reaching self-actualisation
Humanistic Approach -
Holism vs. Reductionism
Holism - takes into account the whole individual
Humanistic Approach -
Nomothetic vs. Idiographic
Idiographic - treats people individually
Humanistic Approach -
Treatments for Abnormal Behaviour
CCT
How to Structure Essay for ‘Comparison of Approaches’?
Given 2 Approaches to compare & describe 1 of the Approaches:
AO1 - Describe Approach 1 (6 marks)
AO3 - 4 PEELs (10 marks)
- Similarity between 2 Approaches
- Similarity “
- Difference “
- Difference “
