Behaviourist Approach (AO1) Flashcards
key ideas?
(4)
- should NOT study mental processes
- only look at behaviour you can observe + measure
- use lab experiments for more control + objectivity
- basic processes of learning are the same in all species, so use animals as research subjects
person?
(3)
John B Watson (1878-1958)
- american psychologist
- credited w popularising behaviourism in psych
- more objective than cognitive bc behaviour you can see
Little Albert? (cc)
(3)
Before: not scared of any animals
During: given a white rat and a loud noise upset Albert, repeated a few times
After: Albert cried when he saw a white rat or any small animal, even tho no loud noise
Pavlov’s dogs? (cc)
(5)
Before:
food = UCS —> drooling = UCR
whistle = NS —> dog has no response
During:
food = UCS + whistle = NS -> drooling = UCR
After:
whistle = CS —> drooling = CR
- believed learning is a passive process + occurs through association
- associating an involuntary response and a stimulus
Classical Conditioning Equation?
Before: UCS ——–> UCR
During: UCS + NS -> UCR
After: CS ————-> CR
Operant conditioning?
(4+)
Positive Reinforcement =
smth GIVEN to INCREASE likelihood of repeated behaviour
e.g. beth tells jokes bc her friends laugh
Negative Reinforcement =
smth TAKEN to INCREASE likelihood of repeated behaviour
e.g ian does hw to not have to go to detention
Positive Punishment =
smth GIVEN to DECREASE likelihood of repeated behaviour
e.g. jeff is slapped when he is being naughty
Negative Punishment =
smth TAKEN to DECREASE likelihood of repeated behaviour
e.g. katie’s phone is taken when she’s rude
Skinner’s box? (oc)
(5)
PR - mouse given food when lever pressed
NR - loud noise stopped when lever pressed
PP - mouse is shocked when lever pressed
- learning is an active process + occurs when we operate on our environment
- associating a voluntary response + a consequence
