Comparison Of Approaches Flashcards
1
Q
Biological approach
Free will b's determinism Nature vs nurture Reductionism v's holism Idiographic v's nomothetic Scientific Real world application
A
- biological determinism- suggests behaviour is controlled
- nature- suggests that behaviour is determined by biological factors
- biological reductionism: reduces behaviour to biological structures
- nomothetic- humans share similar physiology and we can make universal laws regarding behaviour
- scientific- promotes scientific methods
- real world applications- development of numerous drug therapies to treat disorders like OCD
2
Q
Behaviourist
Free will b's determinism Nature vs nurture Reductionism v's holism Idiographic v's nomothetic Scientific Real world application
A
- environmental determinism: suggests behaviour is determined by stimulus response conditioning
- nurture: human beings are born as blank slates and behaviour is learned
- environmental reductionism: reduces behaviour to simple stimulus-response associations
- nomothetic: creates general laws of behaviour and uses lab experiments
- scientific: utilises scientific methods
- RWA: led to development of numerous treatments like flooding
3
Q
SLT
Free will b's determinism Nature vs nurture Reductionism v's holism Idiographic v's nomothetic Scientific Real world application
A
- determinism(soft): acknowledge the role of environmental factors but suggests that humans have personal responses
- nurture: behaviour is learnt
- nomothetic: aims to establish general laws of behaviour, uses labs
- mostly scientific: utilises scientific methods of investigation which researches can replicate. Also considers mediational
- RWA: able to explain many psychological disorders- eating and aggression has lead to a positive change
4
Q
Cognitive approach
Free will b's determinism Nature vs nurture Reductionism v's holism Idiographic v's nomothetic Scientific Real world application
A
- determinism(soft): suggests that behaviour is the result of mediational processes
- nature and nurture: suggests that information processes is modified as a result of experience
- experimental reductionism: studies cognitive processes in isolation
- nomothetic: uses this establish general laws of cognitive processing
- mostly scientific: uses scientific methods however unab,e to directly observe cognitive processes
- RWA: development of numerous treatments including CBT
5
Q
Psychodynamic approach
Free will b's determinism Nature vs nurture Reductionism v's holism Idiographic v's nomothetic Scientific Real world application
A
- physic determinism: behaviour is determined by unconscious drives and early childhood experiences
- mostly nature: behaviour is caused by innate drives although early childhood experiences also shape our behaviour
- reductionism and holism: behaviour is reduced to innate drives however also takes into account all aspects of human behaviour
- nomothetic and idiographic: creates general laws about innate drives, also takes into account the unique experiences of childhood
- not scientific: uses many theories that can’t be tested empirically
- RWA: led to development of treatments such as psychoanalysis
6
Q
Humanist approach
Free will b's determinism Nature vs nurture Reductionism v's holism Idiographic v's nomothetic Scientific Real world application
A
- Free will: only approach with free will, humans control what happens
- Mostly nurture: humans have a innate drive to self-actualise, the environment and experiences shape this journey
- holism: rejects scientific methods and focuses on the understanding of human experience
- idiographic: only approach to focus on subjective human experience and makes no attempt to generalise
- not scientific: rejects scientific methods and therefore unable to prove empirically
- RWA: led to the development of client centred therapy which is used to treat a whole range of psychological disorders
