Compare Physical interfaces and cabling Types Flashcards
Copper Cabling
Transmissions via electricity
Increase in voltage is 1 in binary and decrease in voltage is 0 in binary
If higher than usual increase - there was usually collision detected with CSMA/CD
Affected by interference - if anything electrical runs parallel
Is cheap
Easy to create
Types: Rolled/Crossover/Straight Thru
Only goes up to about 100m
What is CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense MultiAccess with Collision Detection
Collisions controlled by this on Ethernet
When collision happens lose a frame
Stops collisions from happening with CSMA/CD
So PC-A is sending traffic PC-B will listen to see if traffic
If PC-B will wait if there is traffic
Fiber Cabling
Transmission via light
No interference
Distance (depending on type of fiber)
More secure - harder to tap
What is MMF
MultiMode Fiber
Low level LED
Light comes in and bounces off edges
Usually plastic sheath
Usually about 2,000m
Speeds up to 100G
What is SMF?
Single Mode Fiber
Uses lasers (not LED)
Encased in glass
Is single light not bounced off side
Get up to 10,000m
Types of Copper Cables
Coaxial Cable
Coaxial Cable
Copper cable
RG-6 (used in tv/high speed internet)
RG-59 (used for patch panels)
Is very thick plastic jacket
Metal Sheilding
Insulator
Copper itself
Used in 10BASE5 - Thicknet and 10BASE2 - Thinnet
Uses ethernet as L2 protocol
Not really used much any more
RJ11 Cables
Telephone Cables
Have two bits of coper in the plastic sheath
used for ADSL
Not used much any more
Twisted Pair
Shielded vs Unshielded
Shielded Twisted Pair Cable
Copper Wiring
Shielding protects from interference
Cabling itself is twisted - 8 cables 4 pairs twisted together
The twisting helps to eliminate interference
Uses usually RJ45 plug
Unshielded Twist Pair Cable
Copper
Cabling itself is twisted - 8 cables 4 pairs twisted together
Inside the cable the 4 pairs are twisted together
The twisting helps to eliminate interference
Most prevelent in onprem wiring (cheaper than shielded)
Uses usually RJ45 plug
Often called ethernet cable b/c carries L2 ethernet protocol traffic
Types of fiber cabling
Straight tip (ST) - has bayonett that you plug in and turn to lock
Field Assembly Connector / Ferrule Connector (FC) - screw on connector (most secure way to secure it)
Subscriber Connector/Square Connector (SC) - has one prong for send and one for receive - can flip so have send/send or receive/receive or flip them so have crossover connector
Little Connector / Lucent Connector (LC) - has one prong for send and one for receiveor - can flip so have send/send or receive/receive or flip them so have crossover connector
What is an SFP
Small Form-Factor Plugable
How fibers connect into the equipment
Must make sure you use correct SFP (is SC or LC AND if MMF or SMF)
POE overview
Power over Ethernet
Several standards that pass electric power along with data on twisted pair Ethernet Cabling
Lets single cable to provide both data and power to WAP, IP cameras, VoIP phones
Switch is powersourcing equipment (PSE) - extra ethernet ports supply power over ethernet (PSE is plugged into power outlet)
Make sure enough power to power the switch and the end dev
POE how it happens
- Don’t supply power on PoE capable port unless negotitation IDs that port needs power
- Use ethernet negotiation, sending low power signals and monitoring return signal to determine PoE power class (determines how much power to send)
- If dev ID’ed as PD - supply power per power class which allows dev to boot
- Monitor for changes to power class, with autonegotiation and listening for CDP/LLDP messages
- If new power class ID’ed adjust power level per that class
What is Cisco Inline Power
First Cisco PoE standard
Cisco propriatary
2 powered wire pairs (in Ethernet you have the 4 pairs wires - two dedicated to power if using PoE)
Up to 7 Watt standard
What is Type 1 PoE
Another PoE standard
IEEE 802.3af standard
2 powered wired pairs
up to 15.4 Watts standard
Used in Thin Clients, Biometric AC, 802.11n (wifi standard)
Type 2 - PoE+
PoE type 2
2 powered wire pairs
IEEE 802.3at standard
up to 30 Watts
Used for Card Readers, Video IP phones, Pan Tilt Zoom IP Cameras, Alarm systems
Type 3 - PoE++ and UPoE
4 powered wired pairs
IEEE 802.3bt standard (open) and Cisco UPoE (Cisco)
Up to 60 Watts standard
Used for Access Controls, 802.11ac, Help Desks (kisoks), Point of Sales, Nurse Call, Laptops, Pan Tilt IP Cameras with Headers
Type 4 - High PowerPoE or UpoE+
4 powered wire pair
IEEE 802.3bt standard (open) OR UpoE+ (Cisco)
Up to 100 Watt Standard
used by Desktops, TVs, High-Power Wireless, Video Conferencing
Parts of the SMF
- Core (glass) - where light goes through
- Cladding (one or more layers of material of lower refractive index, in contact with core material of higher level refractive index
- Buffer - used to encapsulate one+ more optical fiber for mechanical isolation, protection from physcial damage and fiber ID
- Jacket - surrounds inner layer with plastic for outer protection
Core Size:
9micrometers - SMF
50 micrometers - MMF
62.5 - MMF
1000Base-SX
MMF
(s for short range)
550m (1800 ft)
1000Base-LX
MMF
l for long range
550m (1800 ft)
1000BASE-LX
9 micros SMF
5k (3.1 mis)
10BASE-T
TIA CAT3 or better
2 pairs
100m
100BASE-T
TIA CAT5 UTP or better
2 pair
100m (328 ft)
1000BASE-T
TIA CAT5e UTP or better
4 pairs
100m (328 ft)
10GBASE-T
TIA CAT 6a UTP
4 pairs
100m (382 ft)
10GBASE-T1
TIA CAT6 UTP
4 pairs
38-55m (127-180 ft)
Half Duplex
Shared media
Can only hear one at a time
Point to Point
Each link works independently of others
Full duplex allows frame to be sent on every point to point link on Ethernet at once
Implemented with Swtich
