Comparative Psych Final

Question 1

Dynamic Psychotherapy Goals

Answer 1

Understanding the often unconscious roots of pathology. Assumes a tragic vision of life. (Freud)

Question 2

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Goals

Answer 2

Emphasizes overt behavior and manifest pathology or symptoms. How symptoms translate to diagnosis and treatment. Emphasis on science and technology. Assumes a comic vision of life. (Pavlov, Thorndike, Watson, Skinner)

Question 3

Humanistic Psychotherapy Goals

Answer 3

Aims to restore or attain psychological well-being through creative self-expression. (Existential, experiential).
Appreciate the person as he/she is.

Question 4

Dynamic Interventions/Techniques

Answer 4

Classic Freudian Psychoanalysis (drives: sex aggression).
Ego Psychology
Object Relations Theory (Klein)
Attachment Theory
Self Psychology

Question 5

CBT Interventions/Techniques

Answer 5

A

Question 6

Humanistic Interventions/Techniques

Answer 6

A

Question 7

Assumptive World (J. Frank)

Answer 7

Complex understanding of the social world. Some assumptive world are limited and don’t include solutions or real possibilities. A therapist provides a new assumptive world that the client can trust and invest in.

Question 8

Demoralization (J. Frank)

Answer 8

A persistent inability to cope along with associated feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, meaninglessness and diminished self-esteem.

Question 9

Placebo Effect vs Patient Expectations (J. Frank)

Answer 9

A

Question 10

Features of ALL psychotherapies according to Jerome Frank

Answer 10

Mix a socially sanctioned healer, a sufferer who seeks relief, and a circumscribed series of contacts.

Question 11

What do Religion/Cults have in common with Psychotherapy?

Answer 11

A system that tries to produce via words, acts, and rituals a certain change in emotional state, attitude, and behavior.

Question 12

Evocative Psychotherapy vs Directive Psychotherapy

Answer 12

Evocative involves arousing underlying factors and changing them to change behavior while Directive Psychotherapy involves asking questions, making interpretations, and offering treatments.

Question 13

Medical Model vs Contextual Model

Answer 13

Medical Model assumes psychopathology has a biological cause while the Contextual Model assumes psychotherapy works through various underlying mechanisms that are different from patient to patient.

Question 14

Common Factors in Psychotherapy

Answer 14

An emotionally charged, confident relationship with a helping person. A healing setting. A rationale that provides an explanation for symptoms and procedure for resolving them. A procedure that requires both patient and therapist participation.

Question 15

Rogers’ Necessary and Sufficient Conditions

Answer 15

Rogers stated that there are 6 necessary conditions required for change.

1. therapist-client psychological contact (relationship must exist).
2. Client Incongruence between experience and awareness
3. Therapist congruence (genuinely cares)
4. Therapist unconditional positive regard (accepts client unconditionally)
5. Therapist empathic understanding
6. Client perception (client sees therapists empathy)

Question 16

E/RP

Answer 16

Exposure and Response Prevention: A method of CBT in which individuals confront their fears and discontinue their escape response. (Good for OCD)

Question 17

EBP or EBPP

Answer 17

Evidence Based Practice in Psychology: Integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics and preferences. (Starts with patient. Comprehensive.)

Question 18

RCT

Answer 18

Randomized Clinical Trials: People are allocated at random to receive one of several clinical interventions (e.g. placebo, intervention, no intervention).

Question 19

TAU

Answer 19

Treatment As Usual: Involves a population who have already been receiving a particular treatment and said treatment is used as the control.

Question 20

EST and EVT

Answer 20

Empirically Supported/Validated Treatment: Scientist practitioner model where treatments are based on the accumulated data on the efficacy of a specific therapy.

Question 21

Process vs Outcome Research

Answer 21

Process Research examines the means by which psychotherapy produces its effects while Outcome Research examines the effectiveness of psychotherapy as a treatment.

Question 22

Dodo Bird Hypothesis

Answer 22

The theory that all psychotherapies produce equivalent outcomes.

Question 23

Absolute Efficacy

Answer 23

Indicates whether a treatment has any impact at all. e.g. Can be determined against no-treatment control conditions.

Question 24

Meta-Analysis

Answer 24

A research strategy where researchers examine the results of several previous studies rather than conduct new research.

Question 25

Treatment Manuals

Answer 25

A protocol for treatment in randomized clinical trials. Enhances validity and integrity but limits creativity.

Question 26

Allegiance Effect

Answer 26

Investigators commonly find the most effective treatment to be one which they held a theoretical allegiance.

Question 27

Dismantling Studies

Answer 27

A study in which a full treatment protocol is compared to one in which one or more aspects of the protocol thought to be important are removed.

Question 28

Efficacy vs Effectiveness

Answer 28

Efficacy: Systematic and scientific evaluation of whether a treatment works. Effectiveness: The extent to which treatment effects extend to a natural clinic setting.

Question 29

Third-Wave Behavior Therapy

Answer 29

Rather than eliminate or reduce intrusive thoughts, a patient finds understanding and acceptance of the thoughts and uses mindfulness to facilitate change.

Question 30

Relational (Dynamic) Psychotherapy

Answer 30

Understanding the clients social experience, create a supportive relationship between client and patient, and re-experience the destructive relationships together in order to find freedom from the effects.

Question 31

Psychoanalysis vs Psychoanalytically-Oriented Psychotherapy

Answer 31

A

Question 32

Transference vs Countertransference

Answer 32

Transference occurs when a patient transfers feelings for a person in their lives to the therapist which the therapist may use during therapy. Countertransference is the reverse and the therapist must not act on these feelings.

Question 33

Free Association

Answer 33

A Freudian technique for exploring the unconscious mind that involves relaxing and saying whatever comes to mind when given a word of concept.

Question 34

Working Alliance

Answer 34

The joining of the clients reasonable side with the therapists working side. Tasks are agreed upon in order to reach client’s goals. Confidence is built to that the tasks will bring the client closer to their goals.

Question 35

Exposure Hierarchy

Answer 35

A tool to help clients confront their fears in a systematic way for desensitization. A list of anxiety provoking situations are presented from least to most provoking. Clients move up the hierarchy as the anxiety caused by exposure to an item is reduced.

Question 36

Schema

Answer 36

A cognitive system which helps us organize and make sense of information.

Question 37

Cognitive Triad

Answer 37

Aaron Beck’s model used to describe depression. Negative thoughts about self, environment, and the future. Attribute negative events are attributed to self and to the unfair world and the future is perceived to be bleak. Each component strengthens the other. CBT focuses on positive qualities to change thinking.

Question 38

Conditions of Worth

Answer 38

The conditions we think we must meet in order for others to accept us as worthy of their love. Over the lifespan we learn that we must please others for acceptance and we internalize this process. (Carl Rogers)

Question 39

Primary Elements of Existential Therapy

Answer 39

People can choose and build the life they want. Involves the physical dimension, the social dimension (how the relate to people around them), psychological dimension (personal world), and spiritual dimension (ideology and philosophical outlook).

Question 40

Therapeutic “Presence”

Answer 40

Being fully engaged and in the moment with a client physically, emotionally, and cognitively.

Question 41

Corrective Emotional Experience

Answer 41

Re-exposing a patient under favorable conditions to an emotional situation they could not cope with in the past. The patient can give up old behavior patterns and learn new patterns by re-experiencing early unresolved feelings.

Question 42

Technical Eclectism

Answer 42

Drawing on multiple styles and approaches. “Whatever works”.