Assessment of Chemical Dependency Midterm Flashcards
What is moderate or low risk drinking?
For women its 3 drinks a day or 7 drinks a week.
For men its 4 drinks a day or 14 drinks a week.
Whats the blood alcohol level for binge drinking?
Above .08.
Substance abuse disorder in the DSM?
Continuum of mild to severe. 3-4 symptoms out of 11 is considered mild.
Traditional treatment is…
Confrontational. Spiritually oriented. One-size fits all.
Contemporary treatment is…
Evidence based. Understanding of psychopharmacology and ambivalence.
5 Stages of Change:
Precontemplation (not thinking about it) Contemplation (willing to consider the problem) Preparation (commitment to change) Action (put a plan into action) Maintenance (sustaining change)
Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic is doing something because you enjoy it. Extrinsic is doing something to achieve a goal or avoid consequences.
Effects of depressants.
Relaxation, anti-anxiety, and sleep induction.
Examples of depressants.
Tranquilizers, barbituates, benzodiazepines, GHB, rohypnol, and alcohol.
Synergistic effects of depressants.
Combining them increases the potency. Risk of OD.
Physical dependence of depressants:
Tolerance and withdrawal.
Medications for coming off of depressants:
Antabuse, disulfiram, naloxone, naltrexone, and benzodiazapines for tapered withdrawal.
Blood Alcohol Content
BAC .01-.02 Individual seems typical; impairment picked up with some specific tests
BAC .03-.05 Mild euphoria, relaxation; concentration impaired
BAC .06-.09 Disinhibition; impaired reasoning, depth perception
BAC .10-.19 Increased emotionality, decreased libido; impaired reflexes and reaction time, staggering, slurred speech
BAC .20+ Loss of bodily control, severely impaired, potential loss of consciousness
Medical properties of marijuana.
Appetite enhancement, pain reduction, seizure suppressant.
Marijuana active ingredients and mechanisms of action.
THC: euphoric effects (CB1).
CBD: anti anxiety and anti inflammatory (CB2).
CB1 brain receptor alters mood and cognition and increases dopamine.
CB2 periphery receptors reduces pain and swelling.
Examples of stimulants:
cocaine, meth, adhd meds, MDMA, nicotine, caffeine, and synthetic cathinones like bath salts and flakka.
Effects and withdrawal symptoms of stimulants:
Euphoria, confusion, paranoia, mania.
Depression, anxiety, fatigue, paranoia.
Narcotic
American legal term for cocaine and opiates.
Opioid effects:
Pain relief (analgesic), euphoria, respiratory depression, nausea, sedation, and constipation.
What is opium?
Dried latex from the poppy plant.
Administering opium:
Intravenous (most intense), intranasal, smoked, and oral.
What are opiate receptors and where are they found?
Delta, Kappa, Mu, Nociceptin, and Zeta receptors found in the brain, spinal chord, and digestive tract.
Delta Receptors location and effects:
Brain and peripheral neurons.
Analgesic, antidepressant, dependence, convulsant.
Kappa Receptors location and effects:
Brain, spinal chord, and peripheral neurons.
Analgesic, anticonvulsant, depressive, dissociative, sedation.
Natural types of opiates:
From the resin of poppy plants.
Morphine (heroin), Codeine, Kratom
Synthetic opiates:
Hyrdocodone, oxycodone, methadone.
Tolerance and withdrawal of opiates.
Tolerance has protective effects against overdosing.
Withdrawal consists of flu like symptoms and mood symptoms.
Opiate overdose:
Respiratory depression to the point of death. Increased risk when taken with other depressants and after abstinence.
Opiate overdose prevention:
Narcan (naloxone): Opiate antagonist for quick OD reversal.
Meds for opiate abuse:
buprenorphine and naloxone
Direct agonist
Chemical structure mimics that of an NT. e.g. marijuana, and heroin.
Indirect agonist
Causes neurons to release excessive amounts of natural NT. e.g. cocaine and amphetamines
Drugs impact on reward system.
Disrupts the normal system of pleasurable experience => dopamine release.
Developing addiction
Brain response to increased dopamine over time by reducing receptors or creating less dopamine. Receptors are more difficult to activate requiring more dopamine hence more drugs. Drug use becomes less voluntary.
Fentanyl
Most well known synthetic opioid often found laced into heroin.
Bribe
Providing reinforcement before the target behavior has occurred.
Enabling
Reinforcing a negative behavior or helping avoid the negative consequences of that behavior.
Example of sentencing disparity:
5 grams of crack = 5 years of prison while 500 grams of cocaine equals the same time.
Most likely to binge drink
18-25 year old white or hispanic male, 50k+ income
