Comparative Health Systems Flashcards
1
Q
What are the system building blocks of the WHO?
A
- Service delivery
- Health workforce
- Health information
- Medical products, vaccines and technologies
- Financing
- Leadership and governance
2
Q
Define universal health coverage
A
- Equity of access to health services: Those who need services should get them
- The quality of health services is good enough to improve health
- Financial risk protection: the cost of care should not create financial hardship
- Crucial for maintaining and improving health
3
Q
List some issues to consider with health systems
A
- Level of population access
- System organization
- Position and priority for primary care, and how primary care works
- Gatekeeping and direct access to specialists
- Strength of health promotion and disease prevention
- Functioning of primary and secondary care
- Method of financing
- Level of public sector financing
- Out-of-pocket payments and catastrophic expenditure
4
Q
What are the current options to fund healthcare?
A
- Pay as you go: Incompatible with universal health coverage
- Savings account: Meed to be supplemented with catastrophe insurance
- Risk based Insurance: Usually with tax breaks
- Social insurance: Need to cover non-workers through tax subsidy
- National/Local Taxation: Hypothecated or General
5
Q
Why does the normal market not work for individually rated health insurance ?
A
- Individual rating-people with high predicted medical costs will have high premiums
- May be unaffordable and people go without care or take chance on emergency care when needed
- Healthy individuals have incentives to be free riders
- Administrative costs of individual health insurance are high-40% of medical claims or more
- Insurers may choose not to cover high risk individuals or per-existing conditions
- Insurers make contracts difficult to avoid easy price comparisons
6
Q
State the highest type of spending for poor people
A
Catastrophic spending
7
Q
A
