Comparative genomics

Question 1

What are comparative genomic for?

Answer 1

Conserved regions -> genes essential for specific functions, regulation, etc. -> understanding of the genome itself and of of which genes relate to various biological systems => innovative approaches for treating human disease and improving human health.
Understanding evolutionary relationships between species and the corresponding differences in their DNA allows understanding of how appearance, behaviour and biology of organisms have changed over time.
Comparative genomics in agriculture, biotechnology, zoology allow understating differences among species => new insights into some branches on the evolutionary tree, improvement if health of domesticated animals and pointing to new strategies for conserving rare and endangeredspecies

Question 2

What is synteny?

Answer 2

Synteny refers to the preservation of the order of genes or genetic elements on chromosomes across different species. It reflects the conservation of gene arrangement and content, providing insights into evolutionary relationships. Synteny analysis helps identify homologous genes and understand genome evolution. Advances in genomics and bioinformatics enable detailed comparisons of genomic sequences, aiding the study of synteny.

Question 3

bioRxiv

Answer 3

free publishing for when info needs to go out e.g coronavirus info. It has not gone through peer review

Question 4

How does variability come around after a virus

Answer 4

variability could come from becoming resistant

Question 5

How can you study different sequences and compare?

Answer 5

aligning, this allows us to see regions that are extremely conserved across different organisms, this means the gene is more likely to do with function. Other regions may be more variable so it either doesn’t have a specific function or it has evolved in different organisms.

Question 6

Compare mitochondrial genome

Answer 6

You can compare the shapes of mitochondrial genome in different organisms e.g circular vs linear
There could also be conservation and variability of the genes.

If a start codon is conserved it is a good indicator that that it could be a CDS and anything before that is quite variable could be a UTR

Question 7

Links fo COVID info

Answer 7

http://genome.ucsc.edu/covid19.html

https://nextstrain.org/ncov/gisaid/global/6m