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ACZM Boards > Comparative Dentistry > Flashcards

Comparative Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

Define “radicular” tooth root type

A

root apex will go on to close and tooth will stop growing

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2
Q

Define “aradicular” tooth root type

A

root apex never closes

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3
Q

Define “anelodont”

A

has a limited period of growth, goes on to develop a root

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4
Q

Define elodont

A

tooth grows continuously, never develops a root (growth pattern of teeth)

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5
Q

Define brachyodont

A

short crown length, the root is longer (in general, all brachyodont teeth are radicular and anelodont

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6
Q

Define hypsodont

A

long crown, short root
(these animals can either have radicular/anelodont teeth or radicular/elodont teeth

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7
Q

What is the tooth root type, growth pattern, and crown length characterization in rabbits?

A

aradicular (root type)
elodont (growth pattern)
hypsodont (crown length)

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8
Q

Marsupials are divded into two groups based on their dentition. What are they? Name two species in each group.

A

Polyprotodonts (many incisors) - dasyurids, numbat, opossums, marsupial moles, bandicoots, billy

Diprotodonts (2 lower incisors) - macropods, koala, wombats, possums, gliders

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9
Q

What is unique about the growth pattern of molars in marsupials?

A

Undergo molar progression - molars erupt caudally and migrate forward throughout life

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10
Q

What species (3) have molar progression?

A

macropods
elephants
manatees

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11
Q

What species of marsupial is the only one with one pair of upper incisors? What else is unique to this species of marsupial regarding its teeth?

A

(1) Wombat
(2) Only marsupial to have hypsodont and elodont dentition

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12
Q

What is the color of normal enamel in most rodents? Which 2 species have white enamel?

A

(1) orange to yellow
(2) chinchilla, hamster have white enamel

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13
Q

Which rodents have brachydont molars (all have elodont incisors)?

A

Muridae (mice, rats, gerbils)
Sciuridae (squirrels, prairie dogs)
Castoridae (beavers)
Erethizontidae (new world porcupines)
Myocastoridae (nutria)

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14
Q

What groups of antibiotics disrupt the GI flora of herbivorous rodents?

A

penicilins
cephalosporins
lincosamides
older macrolides

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15
Q

What tumor is associated with chronic dental disease or mouth trauma? What tooth is usually affected in rodents?

A

(1) Odontoma
(2) Incisors

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16
Q

In a 2022 paper on pseudo-odontomas in Richardson’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii), what treatment was pursued? What diagnostic was valuable in treatment planning? What clinical sign was seen commonly after the described intervention?

A

(1) lateral maxillotomy
(2) CT
(3) sneezing

2022 Une JZWM 53(3)

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17
Q

What anatomy makes up the tooth comb in lemurids?

A

lower incisors, canine

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18
Q

Which lemurids DO NOT have tooth combs?

A

aye-aye
tarsiers

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19
Q

What are considered risk factors (4) for the development of peridontal disease in prosimians?

A

sugar rich diet
mechanical trauma
genetic factors
infection (viral or bacterial)

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20
Q

In a review of dental disease in pygmy slow lorises (Nycticebus pygmaeus) in human care, what was the most commonly reported pathology? What did they find regarding dental radiographs?

A

(1) gingivitis was the most commonly reported pathology
(2) majority of radiographs were nondiagnostic for early dental pathology

2023 Kruse JZWM 54(4)

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21
Q

What are 3 complications of periodontal disease in great apes?

A

alveolar bone resorption
osteomyelitis
vegetative endocarditis

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22
Q

What is the most common dental anomaly in both captive and wild great apes?

A

linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) and localized enamel hypoplasia of the primary canines (LHPC)

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23
Q

Which great ape species most commonly suffers from linear enamel hypoplasia?

A

orangutans

(Orangutans > Chimps > Gorillas)

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24
Q

How does the occlusal surfaces of rodents and lagomorphs differ?

A

Rodents = flat
Lago = zigzag

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25
Q

What is the preferred interventional technique for periodical infections and abscesses in lagomorphs?

A

marsupialization

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26
Q

What is a significant cause of morbidity in aardvarks?

A

tooth root abscesses

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27
Q

What is a unique factor associated with teeth in aardvarks?

A

teeth lack enamel

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28
Q

What species is the only monotreme with teeth?

A

juvenile platypus
(replaced with keratinous plates as they mature)

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29
Q

Pangolins do not have teeth. Instead, they have a long sticky tongue that connects to what structure?

A

xiphisternum

30
Q

Which xenarthra have teeth? Who has caniniform teeth and what are they?

A

(1) armadillos, sloth
(2) sloths, modified premolars (they look like molars) that continuously grow

31
Q

Mustelids have a unique anatomic feature of their TMJ preventing dislocation of the mandible. What is this strucuture?

A

transverse articular fossa within the TMJ

32
Q

Sea otters may get gingival papillomas secondary to what cause?

A

Enhydra lutris papillomavirus-1 infection

33
Q

What tooth type are elephant tusks?

A

secondary incisors

34
Q

What are tushes?

A

Also known as “milk tusks” on young elephants

First incisors

May not be present, may be resorbed, or replaced by permanent tusks

35
Q

What is a difference in tusks between African and Asian elephants?

A

Asian male elephants usually have tusks while usually females do not (sometime have rudimentary tusks)

Both male and female african elephants generally have tusks

36
Q

Name two unique features of elephants tusks in regards to the layers of the tooth.

A

(1) Sheds enamel
(2) Secondary dentin creates a checkerboard pattern

37
Q

Briefly discuss the formation of new molars in elephants.

A

(1) Molars formed in the alveolar pockets at back of each jaw
(2) Composed of enamel-wrapped dentine joined with cementum
(3) old worn molars move forward in jaw, roots dissolve, eventually fall out
(4) usually 2 functioning molars in each quadrant at a time

38
Q

What are treatment options to address elephant tusk pathology?

A

(1) pulpectomy - removal of disease pulp followed by endodontic seal (not a root canal)
(2) extraction (alveolus left open to drain)

39
Q

An adult elephant presents for repeat episodes of colic, halitosis, and the appearance of pain upon eating. The diet is composed of mostly hay with minimal browse available. On oral exam, multiple fragments of the molars are observed. What is the most likely pathology present? Which elephant species is this unique to?

A

Delayed shedding and/or rotation

Asian elephants

40
Q

Name 3 species with INCISOR tusks.

A

Elephants
Hyrax
Dugong

(all elephant like creatures)

41
Q

Name 5 species with CANINE tusks.

A

Hippos
Suids
Walrus
Narwhal
Muntjac

42
Q

What is the difference in dental anatomy between African and Asian rhino species?

A

African - No incisors, no canines
Asian - have incisors, no canines

43
Q

Black rhinos are known to develop what dental pathology?

A

severe proliferative gingivitis (+/- calculus accumulation)

44
Q

What species of Tapir commonly develops lumpy jaw? What is the suspected cause?

A

Lowland tapir

Ingestion of more coarse roughage (usually eat softer forest vegetation)

45
Q

Mayalan tapirs commonly are affected by what dental pathology?

A

resorptive lesions of unknown etiology

46
Q

What is the main difference between tusk appearance in suids vs. peccaries?

A

Suids - males have larger tusks than females (*except warthogs, equally large in both)

Peccaries - little sexual dimorphism

47
Q

What are two differences in the dentition of OW camelids vs. NW camelids?

A

(1) Dental formula - OWC have 1 more premolar than NWC (otherwise the same dental formula NWC - I1/3, C1/1, P1-2/1-2, M 3/3)

(2) Alpacas and vicunas have elodont dentition

48
Q

Which cervid species are known to have tusks?

A

Musk deer
Muntjac
Chinese water deer

49
Q

What factor was associated with mandibular fractures in reticulated giraffes in european zoos?

A

hay racks were a nidus for mandibular fx

MANDIBULAR FRACTURES IN GIRAFFES (GIRAFFA CAMELOPARDALIS) IN EUROPEAN ZOOS, Remport, JZWM, 2022

50
Q

What are Mysticete teeth made up of?

A

keratinized baleen

51
Q

What is the source of the dark brown/black appearance to pinniped teeth? Which group of pinnipeds is this NOT observed?

A

(1) calculus and chromogenic bacteria

(2) phocids

52
Q

Name 3 unique features of walrus dentition

A

(1) 4 dentine pegs as cheek teeth in each quadrant
(2) canine tusks in both males and females
(3) monophyodont (single set of teeth) unlike other pinnipeds that are heterodont (different types/classes of teeth)

53
Q

Why does partial coronal pulp therapy have a high failure rate in marine mammals?

A

poor vascular supply (root canal may be preferred for this reason)

54
Q

What is the most common neoplasia observed in cetaceans (free ranging and managed care)?

A

SCC (usually slow progression from papilloma -> carcinoma in situ -> SCC)

55
Q

What is the preferred method of treatment for dental pad fractures in Florida manatees?

A

supportive care in the form of diet modification and dental pad trimming (spontaneous healing at 60 days, no SX necessary)

PRESENTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF DENTAL PAD FRACTURES IN TWO FLORIDA MANATEES (TRICHECHUS MANATUS LATIROSTRIS), Greene, JZWM, 2021

56
Q

What tooth is most commonly fractures in adult pinnipeds?

A

mandibular canines

57
Q

What is an important consideration when weighing the pros/cons of exo versus endodontic therapy in growing pinnipeds?

A

The canine teeth have a long period of maturity (> 12 years). It is contraindicated to do endodontics in a growing tooth.

58
Q

Briefly, what are the 4 stages of periodontal disease?

A

Stage 1: gingivitis only
Stage 2: less than 25% of attachment loss
Stage 3: 25-50% attachment loss
Stage 4: more than 50% attachment loss, furcation involved in multirooted teeth

59
Q

What are the two types of gingivitis observed in seals?

A

(1) Destructive gingivitis secondary to phocid herpesvirus (PhHV-7)

(2) Proliferative generalized gingivitis

60
Q

What are venom glands? What is the other term for these glands in colubrids?

A

(1) modified glands in the upper jaw originating from dental glands
(2) Duvernoy’s gland

61
Q

What are the four classifications of maxillary teeth observed in snakes?

A

(1) Aglyphous (homodont, all teeth the same)
(2) Opisthoglyphous (rear-fanged, enlarged teeth on posterior maxilla)
(3) Proteoglyphous (solitary enlarged fang, cannot be erected, elapids)
(4) Solenoglyphous (hollow fang, can be erected, vipers)

62
Q

What tooth type do snakes have? Define this term

A

pleurodont - tooth are attached to the side of the bone with a rudimentary socket

63
Q

What dentition type do iguanids and varanids have?

A

pleurodont

64
Q

Describe the dental anatomy in tuatara

A

(1) 2 upper rows of teeth (outer row is attached to maxilla, inner row is attached to edge of palatine bone
(2) acrodont dentition (tooth attached to top crest of bone)
(3) single lower row of teeth
(4) teeth are not shed/replaced (unlike snakes and other lizards

65
Q

Old world lizards (Agamidae) and Chameleonidae possess a different dentition type then new world lizards (iguanids, varanids). What is it?

A

Acrodont

66
Q

Identify the following species. What do they have in common?

Heloderma suspectum Heloderma horridum

A

Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum)
Mexican Beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum)
Venomous lizards

67
Q

Crocodilians have what type of dentition?

A

Thecodont (deep bony socket)

68
Q

What are the three types of reptile dentition? Define them. Give an example of a species with each.

A

(1) Acrodont - site of attachment is the crest of the bone. Chameleons, water dragon, agamidae lizards

(2) Pleurodont - site of attachment is the labial wall of bone. Snakes, iguanids, varanids

(3) Thecodont - site of attachment is the deep bony socket (no periodontal ligament). Crocodilians.

69
Q

What are shark teeth structurally related to?

A

Placoid scales

70
Q

What teeth do rays have?

A

No teeth, have modified placoid scales and crushing plates

71
Q

What is dropped jaw syndrome? Who is affected?

A

Shark suddenly loses the ability to close its mouth

Sand tiger sharks

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