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[ANAT102A] Finals > Comparative Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Comparative Cardiovascular System Flashcards

Guide Questions for Recitation 3

1
Q

Pointed and wide portion of the heart

A

Apex – pointed portion directed caudally
Base – wide portion pointed cranially

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2
Q

Hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout body situated in mediastinum between left and right lungs

A

Heart

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3
Q

Right atrioventricular valve

A

Tricuspid valve
- 3 cusps, between right atrium and right ventricle

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4
Q

Left atrioventricular valve

A

Bicuspid valve / Mitral valve
- 2 cusps, between left atrium and left ventricle, resembles bishop’s miter

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5
Q

Chambers of heart

A
  1. Right atrium – 4th
  2. Right ventricle – 2nd largest
  3. Left atrium – 3rd
  4. Left ventricle - largest
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6
Q

Forms apex of heart and is the
largest cardiac valve

A

Left ventricle

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7
Q

Major vessels connected to cardiac chambers

A
  1. Vena cava
  2. Pulmonary artery
  3. Pulmonary vein
  4. Aorta
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8
Q

AV valves

A

Right atrioventricular valve
Left atrioventricular valve

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9
Q

Semilunar valves

A

half-moon shaped valves

  1. Aortic valve
  2. Pulmonic valves
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10
Q

Layers of heart

A
  1. Epicardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium
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11
Q

Fibroconnective tissue covering of the heart

A

Pericardium

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12
Q

Branches of aorta

A

Thoracic aorta and Abdominal aorta

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13
Q

Types of blood vessels and descriptions

A
  1. Artery and Arterioles - mostly transport oxygenated blood
  2. Veins and Venules - mostly transport deoxygenated blood
  3. Capillaries - microscopic vessels
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14
Q

Transport mostly oxygenated blood away from heart

A

Artery and Arterioles

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15
Q

All arteries transport mostly oxygenated blood away from heart except for which 3 arteries?

A
  1. Pulmonary artery
  2. Umbilical artery
  3. Omphalomesenteric artery
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16
Q

Much larger than arterioles (has thicker walls than other types of blood vessels)

A

Arteries

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17
Q

Transport mostly deoxygenated blood toward heart, bluish in color due to presence of deoxygenated blood

A

Veins and Venules

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18
Q

All veins transport deoxygenated blood except for which 3 veins?

A
  1. Pulmonary vein
  2. Umbilical vein
  3. Omphalomesenteric vein
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19
Q

Veins and venules have ______ preventing backflow of blood especially in lower extremities.

20
Q

Microscopic vessels between arterioles and venules; site for exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between tissues and circulation

A

Capillaries

21
Q

Morphology of blood cells and descriptions

A
  1. Red blood cells (Erythrocytes) - biconcave discs contain hemoglobin
  2. White blood cells (Leukocytes) - granulocytes & agranulocytes that fight infections
  3. Platelets (Thrombocytes) - granular; clotting mechanisms
22
Q

Morphology of WBCs and descriptions

A
  1. Neutrophils - multi-lobed nucleus; increases in bacterial infection; decreases in viral infection
  2. Eosinophils - bilobed nucleus; increases in parasitic infection
  3. Basophils - unilobed to bilobed; increases in allergic reaction
  4. Lymphocytes - cartwheel appearance; produce antibodies
  5. Monocytes - bean-shaped; become macrophages
23
Q

T cells and B cells

A

T cells - produced in thymus

B-cells - produced in bursa of fabricius (avians) or in bone marrow, fetal liver (mammals)

24
Q

Antibodies and major classes

A

Immunoglobulin

  1. IgM
  2. IgG
  3. IgA
  4. IgE
  5. IgD
25
Mast cells
Fate of basophil outside circulation
26
Types of macrophages
1. Mobile macrophages 2. Epithelioid macrophages 3. Resident (fixed) macrophages
27
Types of resident macrophages (6)
1. Vonn Kupffer cell 2. Alveolar macrophages 3. Extraglomerular mesongial cells 4. Peyer’s patches 5. Histiocytes 6. Microglia
28
Epithelioid macrophages and Multinucleated giant cells
Epithelioid macrophages - less phagocytic Multinucleated giant cells - fused epithelioid macrophages
29
Platelets and Megakaryocytes
Platelets - responsible for clotting mechanisms, form “platelet plug” to stop bleeding Megakaryocytes - precursor of platelets
30
Developmental stages of red blood cells (6 stages)
Erythropoiesis 1. Proerythroblast 2. Basophilic erythroblast 3. Polychromatophilic 4. Orthochromatophilic 5. Reticulocytes 6. Matured RBC
31
Plasma vs serum
Plasma - has clotting factors Serum - no clotting factors
32
Regenerative anemia
High reticulocytes
33
Clotting factors I-IV
Factor I - Fibrinogen Factor II - Prothrombin Factor III - Tissue factor Factor IV - Calcium
34
Clotting factors V-IX
Factor V - Proaccelerin Factor VII - Proconvertin Factor VIII - Anti-hemophilic factor Factor IX - Christmas factor
35
Clotting factors X-XIII
Factor X - Stuart-Prower factor Factor XI - Plasma thromboplastin antecedent Factor XII - Hageman factor Factor XIII - Fibrin-stabilizing factor
36
Branches of iliac artery
Common iliac artery Internal iliac artery External iliac artery
37
Branches of carotid arteries
1. Common carotid 2. Internal carotid 3. External carotid
38
Branches of abdominal aorta (9)
1. Phrenics 2. Coeliac 3. Cranial (superior) mesenteric 4. Renal 5. Gonadal (testicular/ovarian) 6. Caudal (inferior) mesenteric 7. Common iliac 8. External iliac 9. Internal iliac
39
Auricles and coronary sinuses
Auricles - ear-like appendages Coronary sinuses - passageway of deoxygenated blood from coronary veins
40
Fibrous and serous pericardium
Fibrous - outermost Serous – inner or 2nd layer; has 2 surfaces (parietal & visceral)
41
Heart in this animal weighs ~10lbs; cranial border is convex; caudal border first convex then become concave
Horse
42
Heart in this animal is very fatty and has 2 bones, ossa cordis, present in aortic fibrous ring
Ox
43
Heart in this animal has the most pointed apex of all
Sheep
44
Heart in this animal has double apex
Pig
45
Heart in this animal is ovoid in shape and has blunt and rounded apex
Dog

[ANAT102A] Finals (3 decks)

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