Comparative Approaches - Topic 6.1

Question 1

What is the political meaning of rational theory?

Answer 1

• Focuses on individual as the key to explaining behaviour and outcomes in a system
• Belief that individuals will evaluate the choices they have and rationally pick based on the best outcome for them personally
• Explains that when circumstances change, individuals will respond in a self-interested manner

Question 2

What does rational theory simply mean politically?

Answer 2

• People are selfish and will act in a way that achieves the best outcome for them
• For example: MPs and Congressmen, PM and president are the individuals

Question 3

What is the political meaning of cultural theory?

Answer 3

• Focuses on cultural norms and expectation as the key to explaining behaviour and outcomes in a system
• Belief that cultural norms have the power to influence both the individual and the system
• Explains that some actions are due to cultural expectations
• Covers ideas, beliefs, values and identities within a system

Question 4

What does cultural theory simply mean politically?

Answer 4

• Some political actions can be explained by a shared belief or because people act in accordance with the expectations of others
• For example: Pressure groups, parties and voting groups

Question 5

What is the political meaning of structural theory?

Answer 5

• Focuses on the system or organisation as the key in determining behaviour and outcome within a system
• Belief that an individual’s position within this structure may affect their action
• Explains that individuals have limited or no control over these processes

Question 6

What does structural theory simply mean politically?

Answer 6

• Some outcomes are determined by the institutions and processes of political systems
• For example: Parliament and Congress, political processes are the institutions