Comparative Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Equine Species
A
Equus caballus
2
Q
Bovine Species
A
Bos Tarus
3
Q
Normal Temp for Equine
A
99-101 F
4
Q
Normal Temp for Bovine
A
99.5-103 F
5
Q
Normal Pulse for Equine
A
30-40 bpm
6
Q
Normal Pulse for Bovine
A
70-90 bpm
7
Q
Normal Respiration for Equine
A
10-20 rpm
8
Q
Normal Respiration for Bovine
A
12-16 rpm
9
Q
Vertebral Formula for Equine
A
C7 T18 L6 S5 Ca15-21
10
Q
Vertebral Formula for Bovine
A
C7 T13 L6 S5 Ca18-20
11
Q
Dental Formula for Equine
A
2(I3/3, C1/1, PM3-4/3, M3/3) = 40 or 42
12
Q
Dental Formula for Bovine
A
2(I0/4, C0/0, PM3/3, M3/3) = 32
13
Q
Basic Equine Restraint
A
Halter & Lead rope
14
Q
Tack
A
Items used for horse’s jobs
ex. Riding equipment (saddle, bridle, harness)
15
Q
Breeding season for Equines
A
Seasonally polyestrus
during longest days, May to October
16
Q
Estrus Length for Equines
A
21 days
17
Q
Heat Period for Equines
A
7 days
18
Q
Gestation Period for Equines
A
335 to 340 days (11 months)
19
Q
Act of Parturition for Equines
A
Foaling
20
Q
Breeding season for Bovines
A
Polyestrus
All year
21
Q
Estrus Length for Bovines
A
21 days
22
Q
Heat Period for Bovines
A
18 hours
23
Q
Act of Parturition for Bovines
A
Calving
24
Q
Newborn Equine
A
Foal
25
Young Female Equine
Filly
26
Adult Female Equine
Mare
27
Young Male Equine
Colt
28
Adult Male (intact) Equine
Stallion
29
Altered Male Equine
Gelding
30
Weanling Equine
less than 1 yr has been weaned
31
Yearling Equine
1 to 2 years old
32
Newborn Bovine
Calf
33
Young Female Bovine (hasn't given birth)
Heifer
34
Adult Female Bovine
Cow
35
Young Male Bovine
Bullock
36
Adult Male (intact) Bovine
Bull
37
Altered Male Bovine
Steer
38
Teaser (vasectomized) Male Bovine
Gomer
| used to signal when cows are in heat
39
Gait is:
horse's movement of locomotion
40
Four gaits:
Walk, Trot, Canter, Gallop
41
Walk is:
4 beats
42
Trot is:
2 beats (jog)
43
Canter is:
3 beats (lope)
44
Gallop is:
4 beats
45
Gaited Horse is:
breed of horse which, by nature, uses additional gaits other than the 4 basic
46
Examples of Gaited Horses:
Saddlebred, Tennessee Walking Horse, Paso Fino
47
Hot-Blooded Horses are:
breeds which are consider to be high energy or nervous
48
Examples of Hot-Blooded Horses:
Thoroughbred
| Arabians- thinner, no feathering on legs, not for heavy work
49
Cold-Blooded Horses are:
breeds with slow, docile mannerisms
50
Examples of Cold-Blooded Horses:
Clydesdale- draft horses, big, thick, feathers on leg, hard working
51
Farrier is:
professional who maintains horses' feet by way of trimming and shoeing
Horses need trimming 6-8 wks, not all need shoes
52
Shod horses:
have shoes
53
Un-shod horses:
don't have shoes
54
A Hand is:
unit of measurement for horse height, hoof to withers
| 1 hand = ~4 inches
55
Pony height is:
less than or equal to 14.2 hands
56
Horse height is:
>14.2 hands
57
Lame is:
animal is moving w/ pain or difficulty
| vets grade level of lameness
58
Longeing is:
technique used for training horses, uses a lunge line to run in circles for excercise
59
Near side is:
horse's left side, preferred side
| put tack on and mount from
60
Off Side is:
horse's right side
61
Horse's Foot includes:
coffin bone & supporting structures within the hoff capsule
62
Horse's toe is:
anterior aspect of the hoof
63
Horse's heel is:
posterior aspect of the hoof (heel bulbs)
64
Pastern is:
joint between the foot and fetlock
65
Fetlock is:
joint and proximal sesamoid bones
66
Cannon bone is:
metacarpal/metatarsal region between splint bones
67
Horse's Knee is:
carpus joint on front limb only
68
Hock is:
tarsus joint on hind limb only
69
Stifle is:
femorotibial joint (true knee)
70
Horse's Gaskin is:
shin area between the stifle and hock
71
Wither is:
large boney prominence formed by dorsal spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae
tallest part, where front of saddle sits
72
Girth is:
circumference caudal to withers
73
Approach & handle horses from:
near side (left)
74
Types of Restraint:
```
Simple distractions
Chain Lead Shanks
Twitches
Chemical Restraint
Stocks
```
75
Chain Lead Shanks are:
like choke chain for dogs, can go under chin, over nose or in mouth
use short sharp pressure
76
Simple Distractions for restraint:
petting, talking, tapping on forehead, shield eye, jingle lead rope
77
Twitch Function:
for distraction & endorphin release
| not for restraint
78
Twitch Uses:
painful procedures, trimming, clipping
79
Types of Twitches:
Shoulder/skin twitch
Ear twitch
Humane Twitch
Rope Twitch
80
Types of chemical restraint
Tranquilizer (reduce anxiety, calms body only)
Sedative (reduce excitability, calms body & mind)
Non-opiod (pain relieve)
81
Use chemical restraint when:
physical techniques aren't enough
82
Chemical restraint needs to be:
rapid onset
calming but without causing ataxia
reversible
give analgesics pre & post procedure
83
Stocks are:
stall like confinement device
| keeps animal restrained in small area, but they can still see around them
84
Stocks are used for:
reproductive exam, pregnancy checks, ultrasounds
85
Intramuscular Injection Sites:
Cervical Neck
Pectoral Muscles
Hamstrings
Triceps
86
Cervical Neck Landmarks:
Caudal- Scapula
Dorsal- Nachal Ligament
Ventral-Cervical Spine
87
Hamstrings are made of:
Semimembranosis & Semitendinosis
88
On Hamstrings administer:
Above the point of the hip and after multiple injections to Neck & Pectorals
89
Tricep injections:
last choice for horses, common in cows
90
Size of needle used for Adult:
18 gauge 1.5in
91
Size of needle used for Foal:
20-22 gauge
92
Maximum IM injection volume per site:
10cc per site at a time
| can redirect needle since it's such a large muscle
