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A & P 1 > Comparative Anatomy > Flashcards

Comparative Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Equine Species

A

Equus caballus

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2
Q

Bovine Species

A

Bos Tarus

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3
Q

Normal Temp for Equine

A

99-101 F

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4
Q

Normal Temp for Bovine

A

99.5-103 F

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5
Q

Normal Pulse for Equine

A

30-40 bpm

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6
Q

Normal Pulse for Bovine

A

70-90 bpm

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7
Q

Normal Respiration for Equine

A

10-20 rpm

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8
Q

Normal Respiration for Bovine

A

12-16 rpm

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9
Q

Vertebral Formula for Equine

A

C7 T18 L6 S5 Ca15-21

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10
Q

Vertebral Formula for Bovine

A

C7 T13 L6 S5 Ca18-20

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11
Q

Dental Formula for Equine

A

2(I3/3, C1/1, PM3-4/3, M3/3) = 40 or 42

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12
Q

Dental Formula for Bovine

A

2(I0/4, C0/0, PM3/3, M3/3) = 32

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13
Q

Basic Equine Restraint

A

Halter & Lead rope

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14
Q

Tack

A

Items used for horse’s jobs

ex. Riding equipment (saddle, bridle, harness)

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15
Q

Breeding season for Equines

A

Seasonally polyestrus

during longest days, May to October

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16
Q

Estrus Length for Equines

A

21 days

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17
Q

Heat Period for Equines

A

7 days

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18
Q

Gestation Period for Equines

A

335 to 340 days (11 months)

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19
Q

Act of Parturition for Equines

A

Foaling

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20
Q

Breeding season for Bovines

A

Polyestrus

All year

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21
Q

Estrus Length for Bovines

A

21 days

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22
Q

Heat Period for Bovines

A

18 hours

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23
Q

Act of Parturition for Bovines

A

Calving

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24
Q

Newborn Equine

A

Foal

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25
Q

Young Female Equine

A

Filly

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26
Q

Adult Female Equine

A

Mare

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27
Q

Young Male Equine

A

Colt

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28
Q

Adult Male (intact) Equine

A

Stallion

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29
Q

Altered Male Equine

A

Gelding

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30
Q

Weanling Equine

A

less than 1 yr has been weaned

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31
Q

Yearling Equine

A

1 to 2 years old

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32
Q

Newborn Bovine

A

Calf

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33
Q

Young Female Bovine (hasn’t given birth)

A

Heifer

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34
Q

Adult Female Bovine

A

Cow

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35
Q

Young Male Bovine

A

Bullock

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36
Q

Adult Male (intact) Bovine

A

Bull

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37
Q

Altered Male Bovine

A

Steer

38
Q

Teaser (vasectomized) Male Bovine

A

Gomer

used to signal when cows are in heat

39
Q

Gait is:

A

horse’s movement of locomotion

40
Q

Four gaits:

A

Walk, Trot, Canter, Gallop

41
Q

Walk is:

A

4 beats

42
Q

Trot is:

A

2 beats (jog)

43
Q

Canter is:

A

3 beats (lope)

44
Q

Gallop is:

A

4 beats

45
Q

Gaited Horse is:

A

breed of horse which, by nature, uses additional gaits other than the 4 basic

46
Q

Examples of Gaited Horses:

A

Saddlebred, Tennessee Walking Horse, Paso Fino

47
Q

Hot-Blooded Horses are:

A

breeds which are consider to be high energy or nervous

48
Q

Examples of Hot-Blooded Horses:

A

Thoroughbred

Arabians- thinner, no feathering on legs, not for heavy work

49
Q

Cold-Blooded Horses are:

A

breeds with slow, docile mannerisms

50
Q

Examples of Cold-Blooded Horses:

A

Clydesdale- draft horses, big, thick, feathers on leg, hard working

51
Q

Farrier is:

A

professional who maintains horses’ feet by way of trimming and shoeing
Horses need trimming 6-8 wks, not all need shoes

52
Q

Shod horses:

A

have shoes

53
Q

Un-shod horses:

A

don’t have shoes

54
Q

A Hand is:

A

unit of measurement for horse height, hoof to withers

1 hand = ~4 inches

55
Q

Pony height is:

A

less than or equal to 14.2 hands

56
Q

Horse height is:

A

> 14.2 hands

57
Q

Lame is:

A

animal is moving w/ pain or difficulty

vets grade level of lameness

58
Q

Longeing is:

A

technique used for training horses, uses a lunge line to run in circles for excercise

59
Q

Near side is:

A

horse’s left side, preferred side

put tack on and mount from

60
Q

Off Side is:

A

horse’s right side

61
Q

Horse’s Foot includes:

A

coffin bone & supporting structures within the hoff capsule

62
Q

Horse’s toe is:

A

anterior aspect of the hoof

63
Q

Horse’s heel is:

A

posterior aspect of the hoof (heel bulbs)

64
Q

Pastern is:

A

joint between the foot and fetlock

65
Q

Fetlock is:

A

joint and proximal sesamoid bones

66
Q

Cannon bone is:

A

metacarpal/metatarsal region between splint bones

67
Q

Horse’s Knee is:

A

carpus joint on front limb only

68
Q

Hock is:

A

tarsus joint on hind limb only

69
Q

Stifle is:

A

femorotibial joint (true knee)

70
Q

Horse’s Gaskin is:

A

shin area between the stifle and hock

71
Q

Wither is:

A

large boney prominence formed by dorsal spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae
tallest part, where front of saddle sits

72
Q

Girth is:

A

circumference caudal to withers

73
Q

Approach & handle horses from:

A

near side (left)

74
Q

Types of Restraint:

A 
Simple distractions
Chain Lead Shanks
Twitches
Chemical Restraint
Stocks
75
Q

Chain Lead Shanks are:

A

like choke chain for dogs, can go under chin, over nose or in mouth
use short sharp pressure

76
Q

Simple Distractions for restraint:

A

petting, talking, tapping on forehead, shield eye, jingle lead rope

77
Q

Twitch Function:

A

for distraction & endorphin release

not for restraint

78
Q

Twitch Uses:

A

painful procedures, trimming, clipping

79
Q

Types of Twitches:

A

Shoulder/skin twitch
Ear twitch
Humane Twitch
Rope Twitch

80
Q

Types of chemical restraint

A

Tranquilizer (reduce anxiety, calms body only)
Sedative (reduce excitability, calms body & mind)
Non-opiod (pain relieve)

81
Q

Use chemical restraint when:

A

physical techniques aren’t enough

82
Q

Chemical restraint needs to be:

A

rapid onset
calming but without causing ataxia
reversible
give analgesics pre & post procedure

83
Q

Stocks are:

A

stall like confinement device

keeps animal restrained in small area, but they can still see around them

84
Q

Stocks are used for:

A

reproductive exam, pregnancy checks, ultrasounds

85
Q

Intramuscular Injection Sites:

A

Cervical Neck
Pectoral Muscles
Hamstrings
Triceps

86
Q

Cervical Neck Landmarks:

A

Caudal- Scapula
Dorsal- Nachal Ligament
Ventral-Cervical Spine

87
Q

Hamstrings are made of:

A

Semimembranosis & Semitendinosis

88
Q

On Hamstrings administer:

A

Above the point of the hip and after multiple injections to Neck & Pectorals

89
Q

Tricep injections:

A

last choice for horses, common in cows

90
Q

Size of needle used for Adult:

A

18 gauge 1.5in

91
Q

Size of needle used for Foal:

A

20-22 gauge

92
Q

Maximum IM injection volume per site:

A

10cc per site at a time

can redirect needle since it’s such a large muscle

A & P 1 (2 decks)

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