Blood

Question 1

Capillary

Answer 1

microscopic blood vessels

all cells are next to capillaries

Question 2

Blood Flow is:

Answer 2

intermittent

only heart, brain, & lungs have non-stop blood flow

Question 3

Fenestration

Answer 3

holes in capillary that use blood pressure to push blood through to tissue

Question 4

Blood is a:

Answer 4

solution

cells are floating in water, movement from heart keeps cells in soln

Question 5

Anticoagulant

Answer 5

chemical prevents blood from clotting

Question 6

Serum

Answer 6

water portion of clotted blood (no clotting ability)

Question 7

Plasma

Answer 7

water portion of blood w/ anticoagulant (can still clott)

Question 8

At altitude blood contains:

Answer 8

55% water

45% blood cells

Question 9

Packed cell volume (PCV)

Answer 9

amount of cells that separate out when centrifuge (RBC, WBC, Platelets)

Question 10

Micron

Answer 10

1/1000th of a millimeter

Question 11

RBC size

Answer 11

7 microns

Question 12

Cellular fraction of blood contains:

Answer 12

Erythrocytes (RBC), Thromocytes (platelets), Leukocytes (WBC)

Question 13

RBC shape

Answer 13

biconcave disc

Question 14

RBC numbers

Answer 14

normal ~7 million RBC/mm cubed

Question 15

Anemia

Answer 15

> 7 million RBC, reduced number of RBC

presents w/ white or pale gums

Question 16

Polycythemia

Answer 16

increased number of RBC, viscous blood can cause clotting

presents w/ brick red gums

Question 17

RBC function

Answer 17

transports oxygen to all cells

Question 18

Hemoglobin

Answer 18

attracts O2 to RBC and goes to other cells through diffusion

Question 19

Diffusion

Answer 19

passive movement of gas/solute from hight to low concentration (doesn’t require energy)

Question 20

RBC’s produced:

Answer 20

in the red bone marrow

Question 21

Lifespan of RBC’s

Answer 21

120 days

Question 22

Hemolysis

Answer 22

rupturing or dying of RBCs

Question 23

Thrombocyte Shape:

Answer 23

variable, irregular

Question 24

Thrombocyte Size:

Answer 24

~2.5 microns

Question 25

Thrombocyte Number:

Answer 25

200,000 to 300,000/ mm cubed

Question 26

Thrombocytosis

Answer 26

increased number of thrombocytes | can cause blockage/clots

Question 27

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 27

decreased number of thrombocytes | can cause petechia in eyes

Question 28

Thrombocyte Function:

Answer 28

blood clotting

Question 29

Normal clotting time:

Answer 29

~3 minutes

Question 30

Thrombocytes produced:

Answer 30

red bone marrow | constantly being replaced

Question 31

Leukocyte Shape:

Answer 31

variable

Question 32

Leukocyte Size:

Answer 32

7 to 25 microns (based on cell type)

Question 33

Types of Leukocytes:

Answer 33

``` Neutraphil Monocyte Lymphocyte Eosinophil Basophil ```

Question 34

Neutrophil

Answer 34

granulocyte, phagocyte, 1st responder, has nucleus w/ 3 connected parts

Question 35

Monocyte

Answer 35

agranulocyte, phagocyte, tanks, 1 nucleus

Question 36

Lymphocytes

Answer 36

agranulocyte, make antibodies, deal w/ viruses, 1 nucleus

Question 37

Antibodies

Answer 37

immune proteins | attaches to virus to be recognized by immune system

Question 38

Eosinophil

Answer 38

granulocyte, for allergies or parasites

Question 39

Basophil

Answer 39

granulocyte, least numerous, function is questionable

Question 40

Leukocyte Numbers:

Answer 40

7,000 to 15,000/ mm cubed

Question 41

Leukocytosis

Answer 41

increased number of WBC (25,000) | usually bacterial infection

Question 42

Leukopenia

Answer 42

decreased number of WBC (2,000) | usually viral infection

Question 43

Antibiotics

Answer 43

man made drugs to fight bacteria

Question 44

Leukocyte Function:

Answer 44

immunity

Question 45

Leukocytes produced;

Answer 45

red bone marrow

Question 46

Acellular fraction of blood (plasma):

Answer 46

Dietary: H2O, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protein, Vitamins, Electrolytes, Trace Minerals, NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) Body Products: Hormones, Enzymes, Hepatic Proteins, Metabolic Waste Products

Question 47

GI Absorption is:

Answer 47

GI tract absorbs nutrients from food stuffs and puts in blood stream, except fiber

Question 48

Fiber is:

Answer 48

indigestible, from plant matter, makes up most of stool

Question 49

H2O absorption:

Answer 49

doesn't need to be broken down is absorbed quickly blood volume increases by H2O ingested if not needed is quickly eliminated

Question 50

Carbohydrates are:

Answer 50

plant based | need to be broken down by amylase (enzyme) into glucose which is used for energy production

Question 51

Enzyme is:

Answer 51

protein catalyst

Question 52

Normal Blood Glucose Level is:

Answer 52

70-100mg/100cc

Question 53

Insulin is:

Answer 53

hormone needed for cells to use glucose

Question 54

Hormones are:

Answer 54

endocrine and exocrine biologic messengers

Question 55

Diabetes Mellitus is:

Answer 55

lack of insulin production

Question 56

Lipids are:

Answer 56

animal and plant (oils) based | need lipase to break into fatty acids & glycerol