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A & P 1 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Capillary

A

microscopic blood vessels

all cells are next to capillaries

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2
Q

Blood Flow is:

A

intermittent

only heart, brain, & lungs have non-stop blood flow

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3
Q

Fenestration

A

holes in capillary that use blood pressure to push blood through to tissue

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4
Q

Blood is a:

A

solution

cells are floating in water, movement from heart keeps cells in soln

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5
Q

Anticoagulant

A

chemical prevents blood from clotting

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6
Q

Serum

A

water portion of clotted blood (no clotting ability)

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7
Q

Plasma

A

water portion of blood w/ anticoagulant (can still clott)

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8
Q

At altitude blood contains:

A

55% water

45% blood cells

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9
Q

Packed cell volume (PCV)

A

amount of cells that separate out when centrifuge (RBC, WBC, Platelets)

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10
Q

Micron

A

1/1000th of a millimeter

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11
Q

RBC size

A

7 microns

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12
Q

Cellular fraction of blood contains:

A

Erythrocytes (RBC), Thromocytes (platelets), Leukocytes (WBC)

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13
Q

RBC shape

A

biconcave disc

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14
Q

RBC numbers

A

normal ~7 million RBC/mm cubed

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15
Q

Anemia

A

> 7 million RBC, reduced number of RBC

presents w/ white or pale gums

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16
Q

Polycythemia

A

increased number of RBC, viscous blood can cause clotting

presents w/ brick red gums

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17
Q

RBC function

A

transports oxygen to all cells

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18
Q

Hemoglobin

A

attracts O2 to RBC and goes to other cells through diffusion

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19
Q

Diffusion

A

passive movement of gas/solute from hight to low concentration (doesn’t require energy)

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20
Q

RBC’s produced:

A

in the red bone marrow

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21
Q

Lifespan of RBC’s

A

120 days

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22
Q

Hemolysis

A

rupturing or dying of RBCs

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23
Q

Thrombocyte Shape:

A

variable, irregular

24
Q

Thrombocyte Size:

A

~2.5 microns

25
Q

Thrombocyte Number:

A

200,000 to 300,000/ mm cubed

26
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

increased number of thrombocytes

can cause blockage/clots

27
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

decreased number of thrombocytes

can cause petechia in eyes

28
Q

Thrombocyte Function:

A

blood clotting

29
Q

Normal clotting time:

A

~3 minutes

30
Q

Thrombocytes produced:

A

red bone marrow

constantly being replaced

31
Q

Leukocyte Shape:

A

variable

32
Q

Leukocyte Size:

A

7 to 25 microns (based on cell type)

33
Q

Types of Leukocytes:

A 
Neutraphil
Monocyte
Lymphocyte
Eosinophil
Basophil
34
Q

Neutrophil

A

granulocyte, phagocyte, 1st responder, has nucleus w/ 3 connected parts

35
Q

Monocyte

A

agranulocyte, phagocyte, tanks, 1 nucleus

36
Q

Lymphocytes

A

agranulocyte, make antibodies, deal w/ viruses, 1 nucleus

37
Q

Antibodies

A

immune proteins

attaches to virus to be recognized by immune system

38
Q

Eosinophil

A

granulocyte, for allergies or parasites

39
Q

Basophil

A

granulocyte, least numerous, function is questionable

40
Q

Leukocyte Numbers:

A

7,000 to 15,000/ mm cubed

41
Q

Leukocytosis

A

increased number of WBC (25,000)

usually bacterial infection

42
Q

Leukopenia

A

decreased number of WBC (2,000)

usually viral infection

43
Q

Antibiotics

A

man made drugs to fight bacteria

44
Q

Leukocyte Function:

A

immunity

45
Q

Leukocytes produced;

A

red bone marrow

46
Q

Acellular fraction of blood (plasma):

A

Dietary: H2O, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protein, Vitamins, Electrolytes, Trace Minerals, NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate)
Body Products: Hormones, Enzymes, Hepatic Proteins, Metabolic Waste Products

47
Q

GI Absorption is:

A

GI tract absorbs nutrients from food stuffs and puts in blood stream, except fiber

48
Q

Fiber is:

A

indigestible, from plant matter, makes up most of stool

49
Q

H2O absorption:

A

doesn’t need to be broken down
is absorbed quickly
blood volume increases by H2O ingested
if not needed is quickly eliminated

50
Q

Carbohydrates are:

A

plant based

need to be broken down by amylase (enzyme) into glucose which is used for energy production

51
Q

Enzyme is:

A

protein catalyst

52
Q

Normal Blood Glucose Level is:

A

70-100mg/100cc

53
Q

Insulin is:

A

hormone needed for cells to use glucose

54
Q

Hormones are:

A

endocrine and exocrine biologic messengers

55
Q

Diabetes Mellitus is:

A

lack of insulin production

56
Q

Lipids are:

A

animal and plant (oils) based

need lipase to break into fatty acids & glycerol

A & P 1 (2 decks)

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