Comparative abdominal anatomy Flashcards
What is the name of the peritoneal attachment of the stomach?
Omentum
What is the role of the greater omentum?
Attaches the greater curvature of the stomach to the dorsal body wall in the abdomen, extends as far as the bladder and fold back on itself
What does the lesser omentum attach?
The lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver
What is the omental bursa?
The potential space between the superficial and deep leaves of the omentum
Which species has an epiploic foramen and what is its function?
Horse
- Entrance to the omental bursa
- hole in which structures can pass through, and potentially get stuck
Where is the entrance to the epiploic foramen found?
Where the caudal vena cava and hepatic portal vein merge and enter the liver
What do the superficial and deep leaves of the omentum attach in ruminants?
Superficial attaches the rumen on the left
Deep leaf attaches the rumen on the right
What is peritonitis? Which species is most susceptible to it and why?
- Inflammation of the abdomen
- Horses are most susceptible because they have the least developed greater omentum
In which species are both left and right lobes of the liver split?
Pigs and Dogs
Which species has a split left lobe but the right isnt?
Horse
Describe the ruminant liver
- Rounded border faces to left
- Right lobe dorsal, left lobe ventral
- Displaced to right due to rumen occupying left
Which species does not have a renal impression? Which lobe of the liver is this found on?
Pig
- Right lobe
In which species does both the pancreatic and accessory duct release secretions into the duodenum?
Horse and dog
Which species only has the accessory duct opening up into the duodenum?
Ox/pig
Anything derived from the oesophageal region will be lined with … ?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Anything derived from the cardiac region will be lined by … ?
Glandular tissue that secretes mucus only
Tissues derived by which region secrete acid, mucus and pepsin?
Fundic region
What is the name given to the thickening of the pylorus in pigs?
Torus pyloricus
What is the name of the enlargement of the fundus in horses?
Saccus caecus
The cardiac region derived ring around a horses stomach is the …. ? What is the function of this?
Margo plicatus
- Separates the saccus caecus from the fundus
Which part of the ruminants stomach is lined with glandular tissue secreting acid and mucus?
Abomasum
How is the omasum adapted for absorption?
Has omasal laminae, which increase the surface area
What are the different parts of the duodenum?
Cranial/sigmoid flexure Descending duodenum Caudal flexure Ascending duodenum Duodenojejunal flexure
Where and why is the jejunum displaced in pigs?
LI pushes most of the SI to the right
Describe how the ascending colon is modified in the pig?
- Caecum found on left compared to other species where it is on the right
Colon in spiral loop: - Centripetal coils haustrated with taenia
- Centrifugal coils smooth, concealed within centripetal
What is the ascending colon greatly modified for in the horse?
Fermentation
Which 3 flexures are found in the ascending colon of a horse
- Sternal flexure
- Pelvic flexure
- Diaphragmatic flexure
What is the function of the sacculations (haustrated) and taenial bands?
Aid mixing and propulsion
Which areas have 4 taenial bands?
Caecum
Right ventral colon
Left ventral colon
Which areas have 2 taenial bands?
Transverse colon and small colon
The left dorsal colon has … taenial bands, with the right dorsal colon having … taenial bands?
one
three
The centripetal coils of a pig are supplied by which 2 arteries?
Colic branch of ileocolic
Right colic
Which parts of a ruminants stomach are visible on the LHS?
Ruminoreticulum
What is rectal examination mostly used for in horses?
Examination of the GI tract
What is felt in the following regions when carrying out a rectal examination?
- Left dorsal quad
- Left ventral quad
- Right dorsal quad
- Right ventral quad
- Jejunum and small colon
- Pelvic flexure
- Base of caecum
- Body of caecum
