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Y2 Gastrointestinal > Comparative abdominal anatomy > Flashcards

Comparative abdominal anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the peritoneal attachment of the stomach?

A

Omentum

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2
Q

What is the role of the greater omentum?

A

Attaches the greater curvature of the stomach to the dorsal body wall in the abdomen, extends as far as the bladder and fold back on itself

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3
Q

What does the lesser omentum attach?

A

The lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver

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4
Q

What is the omental bursa?

A

The potential space between the superficial and deep leaves of the omentum

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5
Q

Which species has an epiploic foramen and what is its function?

A

Horse

  • Entrance to the omental bursa
  • hole in which structures can pass through, and potentially get stuck
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6
Q

Where is the entrance to the epiploic foramen found?

A

Where the caudal vena cava and hepatic portal vein merge and enter the liver

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7
Q

What do the superficial and deep leaves of the omentum attach in ruminants?

A

Superficial attaches the rumen on the left

Deep leaf attaches the rumen on the right

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8
Q

What is peritonitis? Which species is most susceptible to it and why?

A
  • Inflammation of the abdomen

- Horses are most susceptible because they have the least developed greater omentum

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9
Q

In which species are both left and right lobes of the liver split?

A

Pigs and Dogs

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10
Q

Which species has a split left lobe but the right isnt?

A

Horse

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11
Q

Describe the ruminant liver

A
  • Rounded border faces to left
  • Right lobe dorsal, left lobe ventral
  • Displaced to right due to rumen occupying left
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12
Q

Which species does not have a renal impression? Which lobe of the liver is this found on?

A

Pig

- Right lobe

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13
Q

In which species does both the pancreatic and accessory duct release secretions into the duodenum?

A

Horse and dog

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14
Q

Which species only has the accessory duct opening up into the duodenum?

A

Ox/pig

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15
Q

Anything derived from the oesophageal region will be lined with … ?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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16
Q

Anything derived from the cardiac region will be lined by … ?

A

Glandular tissue that secretes mucus only

17
Q

Tissues derived by which region secrete acid, mucus and pepsin?

A

Fundic region

18
Q

What is the name given to the thickening of the pylorus in pigs?

A

Torus pyloricus

19
Q

What is the name of the enlargement of the fundus in horses?

A

Saccus caecus

20
Q

The cardiac region derived ring around a horses stomach is the …. ? What is the function of this?

A

Margo plicatus

- Separates the saccus caecus from the fundus

21
Q

Which part of the ruminants stomach is lined with glandular tissue secreting acid and mucus?

A

Abomasum

22
Q

How is the omasum adapted for absorption?

A

Has omasal laminae, which increase the surface area

23
Q

What are the different parts of the duodenum?

A 
Cranial/sigmoid flexure
Descending duodenum 
Caudal flexure
Ascending duodenum
Duodenojejunal flexure
24
Q

Where and why is the jejunum displaced in pigs?

A

LI pushes most of the SI to the right

25
Q

Describe how the ascending colon is modified in the pig?

A
  • Caecum found on left compared to other species where it is on the right
    Colon in spiral loop:
  • Centripetal coils haustrated with taenia
  • Centrifugal coils smooth, concealed within centripetal
26
Q

What is the ascending colon greatly modified for in the horse?

A

Fermentation

27
Q

Which 3 flexures are found in the ascending colon of a horse

A
  • Sternal flexure
  • Pelvic flexure
  • Diaphragmatic flexure
28
Q

What is the function of the sacculations (haustrated) and taenial bands?

A

Aid mixing and propulsion

29
Q

Which areas have 4 taenial bands?

A

Caecum
Right ventral colon
Left ventral colon

30
Q

Which areas have 2 taenial bands?

A

Transverse colon and small colon

31
Q

The left dorsal colon has … taenial bands, with the right dorsal colon having … taenial bands?

A

one

three

32
Q

The centripetal coils of a pig are supplied by which 2 arteries?

A

Colic branch of ileocolic

Right colic

33
Q

Which parts of a ruminants stomach are visible on the LHS?

A

Ruminoreticulum

34
Q

What is rectal examination mostly used for in horses?

A

Examination of the GI tract

35
Q

What is felt in the following regions when carrying out a rectal examination?

  • Left dorsal quad
  • Left ventral quad
  • Right dorsal quad
  • Right ventral quad
A
  • Jejunum and small colon
  • Pelvic flexure
  • Base of caecum
  • Body of caecum

Y2 Gastrointestinal (4 decks)

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