Canine anatomy Flashcards
The peripheral nervous system arises from which spinal branches?
T13 + L1-L3
Which 3 branches arise from the ventral branch of T13-L3?
- Medial branch
- Lateral branch
- Lateral cutaneous branch
The ventral branch of T13-L3 perforates what?
Transverse abdominis
Which 3 muscles are supplied by the branches of the ventral branch of T13-L3?
Internal abdominal oblique
External abdominal oblique
Transverse abdominis
Describe the key features of the sympathetic NS
- Fight or flight
- Suspend digestion
- Long pre and post ganglionics
Describe the key features of the parasympathetic NS
- Rest and digest
- Homeostasis
- Promotes digestion
- Short post-ganglionics
What is the major nerve of the sympathetic system?
What is the minor nerve?
Major splanchnic nerve
Minor splanchnic nerve
Where do they pre-ganglionics of the major/minor splanchnic nerves synapse? Where do the post ganglionics run to?
In caeliaco-mesenteric ganglia
Post-ganglionics travel with arteries to abdominal organs
Where do the different splanchnic nerves of the sympathetic NS arise?
Sympathetic trunk
Where do they pre-ganglionics of the Lumbar splanchnic nerves synapse? Where do the post ganglionics run to?
- Synapse in the caudal mesenteric ganglion
- Post ganglioics travel in hypogastric nerves to pelvic organs
What are the 2 main nerves of the parasympathetic NS?
Vagus
Pelvic
Which structures are supplied by the vagus nerve?
- Trachea and oesophagus
- Lungs
- Heart and aorta
- GI tract as far as the end of the transverse colon
The dorsal vagal trunk supplies…?
The visceral surface of the stomach/pylorus
The ventral vagal trunk supplies…?
Parietal surface of stomach/pylorus/liver
From which spinal branches does the pelvic nerve arise?
S1-S3
The pelvic nerve supplies which structures?
Descending colon and pelvic viscera
Which arteries supply the following areas of the abdominal wall:
- cranio-dorso-lateral
- caudo-dorsal-lateral
- cranio-ventral lateral
- Cranial abdominal
- Deep external iliac
- Cranial epigastric
What is the importance of the cranial superficial epigastric artery?
- Supplies the cranio-ventral abdominal wall
- Also supplies the mammary gland in tissues
What are the 3 major branches off the aorta, what does each supply?
Caeliac = cranial abdominal organs
Cranial mesenteric = mid-abdominal organs
Caudal mesenteric = caudal abdominal organs
Which 3 arteries arise from the Caeliac artery?
- Hepatic artery
- Left gastric artery
- Splenic artery
Which 3 arteries arise from the Hepatic artery?
- Hepatic branches supplying the liver and gall bladder
- Right gastric artery
- Gastro-duodenal artery
Describe the 4 arteries that innervate the stomach
- Right and left gastric arteries supply the right and left lesser curvatures
- Right and left gastro-epiploic arteries supplies the right and left greater curvatures
What the the 3 main branches of the Cranial mesenteric artery?
- Ileo-colic artery
- Caudal pancreatico-duodenal artery
- Jejunal arteries
Give the branches of the ileo-colic which supply the following:
- Transverse colon
- Right colic flexure
- Ascending colon
- Caecum
- Ileum
- Middle colic artery
- Right colic artery
- Colic branch of ileo-colic artery
- Caecal branch of ileo-colic
- Mesenteric ileal artery
What are the 2 branches of the caudal mesenteric artery and what does each supply?
- Left colic artery supplying the left colic flexure and descending colon
- Cranial rectal artery supplying the cranial rectum
What is an anastomoses?
Safety mechanism (if an artery gets occluded the organ will be able to receive blood via a different route)
All GI organs and the spleen drain via which vein?
Hepatic portal vein
Non-GI organs drain where?
Directly into the caudal vena cava
Which main branch off the aorta does not have a corresponding vein?
Celiac
Describe how a ruminants stomach is supplied by the different arteries?
- Rumino-reticulum / greater curvature of abomasum = Left / right gastro-epiploic
- Omasum / lesser curvature of abomasum
= Left / right gastric
Which arteries supply the large caecum in horses and pigs?
Medial and lateral caecal arteries
Where does the colic branch of the ileo colic artery supply in:
- horses
- pigs/ruminants
- Ventral colon
- Centripetal coils
Where does the right colic artery supply in:
- horses
- pigs/ruminants
- dorsal colon
- centrifugal coils
