Companion Animal Nutrition Flashcards
Cat and dog dietary issues similar to humans
- over nutrition (obesity, diabetes)
- terminal disease (cancer, ageing, kidney disease)
- inborn errors of metabolism
- immune response/acute food reactions (dermatitis, food hypersensitivity)
- preferences (flavors, odors, textures)
atwater factors NRC for cats and dogs
CHO = 3.5 kcal/g Protein = 3.5 kcal/g Fat = 8.5 kcal/g
ME equations Dogs
ME (kcal) = 4CP% + 9Fat% + 4NFE%
ME = DE - (1.04 x g protein/100 g feed)
ME equations Cats
ME (kcal) = 4CP% + 8.5Fat% + 4NFE%
ME = DE - (.77 x g protein/100 g feed)
Carbohydrate sources (cats and dogs)
corn, rice, wheat, and oats
_______ is not required, but can be beneficial)
fiber
insoluble fiber
- increases bulk
- maintains stool consistency
- maintains normal intestinal transit time and gastric motility
soluble fiber
- delays gastric emptying
- produces short-chain fatty acids when fermented by colonic bacteria
fat sources
tallow
lard
vegetable oils
poultry fat and marine oils
protein sources (animal by products)
meat meal bone meal liver and organ meats fish meal milk byproducts
protein sources (plants)
soybean meal
corn germ meal
corn gluten meal
soy flour
arginine deficiency
- develop hyperammoniemia within hours
- vomiting, muscle spasms, ataxia, sensitivity to touch, coma, and death
Taurine (Cats)
important for bile acid conjugation, retinal function, myocardium function, and reproductive performance in queens
Taurine deficiency
- feline central retinal degeneration (photoreceptor cell membrane function impaired)
- dilated cardiomyopathy
lysine
- usually first limiting amino acid in cereal based diet
- susceptible to processing losses
tryptophan
- cats CANNOT convert tryptophan to niacin
Cats cannot synthesize vitamin _____ from ______
A
carotenoids
The Food Nutrition Interface
- palatability
- dry, moist, semi-moist, wet
- texture
- preservatives, color, other food additives
Extrusion (Dry Pet Food)
- gels starch
- sterilizes
- texturizes proteins
- used to make shapes
- high temperture, short time process
Kibbled Dog Foods (Dry Pet Food)
- means baked (ingredients put in a dough)
Semi Moist Pet Foods is mixtures of:
- soybean meal, meat byproducts, fresh meat, animal fat, vitamins, minerals
- humectants
- sugar or corn syrup
- acid
pros and cons of dry food
pros: more convenient; better for teeth; economical
cons: processing losses, unnecessary carbs, dilute with fillers, shelf-life issues
pros and cons of wet food
pro: flavorful, long storage, less process nutrient loss
con: purchasing water, spoilage of uneaten portion, dentition issues, high protein and fat on DM basis
preservatives retard __________ and ___________
microbial spoilage
rancidity
