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Core Subjects EC - 6 Social Studies > Comp 3: Geography & Culture > Flashcards

Comp 3: Geography & Culture Flashcards

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1
Q

Star-Spangled Banner

A

National Anthem. Written by Francis Scott Key during an attempted attack by the British at Baltimore during the War of 1812.

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2
Q

Culture

A

A set of shared attitudes or beliefs common to a group or area

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3
Q

Urbanization

A

The process of a society becoming more urban, with growing populations in dense city centers and moving away from rural living

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4
Q

Primary Groups

A

A group of people who have frequent close interactions and intimacy with others in the group

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5
Q

Social Mobility

A

The ease with which an individual is able to move between (up or down) social classes

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6
Q

Transcendentalism

A

Started in 1830s. Theorized that all people have the ability within themselves to know things beyond what they can understand in an intellectual manner. Sought truth in nature and spirituality.

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7
Q

Equator

A

The center line of latitude around the middle of the Earth that divides the globe into a Northern and Southern hemisphere

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8
Q

Status

A

The position that a person has in a group or setting

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9
Q

Sociology

A

The study of the relationships and interactions between groups and institutions

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10
Q

Socio-Economic Status

A

Social and economic standing within a group

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11
Q

Group (in sociology)

A

Two or more people who have common norms and have interactions over a period of time

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12
Q

Trickle-Down Economics

A

Economic theory, believed that focusing on the supply-side and loosening regulations for businesses would allow them to create and invest more, leading them to hire more people and eventually kickstart the economy

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13
Q

Fertility Rate

A

The average number of children that will be born to 1,000 women in a population per year

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14
Q

Cultural Traits

A

Individual aspects of human activity that shape the social life of a place

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15
Q

Hierarchy

A

System of organizing people into different ranks or levels of importance

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16
Q

Cultural Region

A

A region defined by common human characteristics

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17
Q

Structures

A

The way a group is organized in regard to governing rules and standards in a society; usually developed by those living in the group or community

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18
Q

Elevation

A

Distance above sea level

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19
Q

Norms

A

Rules or expectations that help regulate behavior of individuals in a society

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20
Q

Values

A

A person’s or group’s standards of behavior based on what the person or group feels is important

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21
Q

Yankee Doodle

A

Folk song written in the late 1700s. Originally sang by British soldiers making fun of Americans, but co-opted by American soldiers as a patriotic revolutionary song

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22
Q

Material Components

A

Physical items related to a culture

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23
Q

Networks

A

Social ties from one group or individual to another, usually for information or benefiting others in the groups

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24
Q

Social Conflict

A

The belief that disagreements will occur in societies where there are differing beliefs and values

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25
Q

Savannah

A

A flat grassland in tropical or subtropical regions

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26
Q

Sociological Institutions

A

Groups of people who have come together for a common purpose and have common norms which guide behavior and meet basic needs in the group/institution

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27
Q

Cultural Diffusion

A

The process by which cultural traits spread from one group to another

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28
Q

Norman Rockwell

A

(1894-1978) American painter and illustrator. His work displays typical American scenes such as “Before the Shot” and representations of American culture such as “The Problem We All Live With (Ruby Bridges)”.

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29
Q

Surrealism

A

A cultural and artistic movement that started in the 1920s and sought to bring down rational, traditional values and force new perspectives on the viewer

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30
Q

Henry David Thoreau

A

(1817-1862) American writer, philosopher, and transcendentalist. He is most known for his work, “Walden” that he wrote as Walden Pond, which was owned by his mentor Ralph Waldo Emerson.

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31
Q

Abstract

A

Popular around WWII. Uses color and shape to create meaning and represent objects, landscapes, and people.

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32
Q

Negative Sanctions in Socialization

A

The disapproval of some activities in a society

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33
Q

Democracy

A

A system of government in which all members of society have a share in decision making

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34
Q

Baby Boomers

A

The generation born following WWII (1940s). This population bubble has had a significant impact on American culture, economy, and politics as the baby boomers have aged. Their concerns became the primary concerns of the nation.

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35
Q

Equal Employment Opportunity Act

A

Prohibits discrimination in jobs and education for any kind of discrimination including: race, religion, sex including sexual orientation, gender, maternity status, or disability

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36
Q

Ethnicity

A

A group of people who share a common language, heritage, and/or other traits

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37
Q

Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ)

A

A Senator in Texas in the 1950s, he spearheaded the NASA Space Program in Houston, Texas. He later became President of the United States after the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963. Architect of the Great Society programs to compact poverty.

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38
Q

Secondary Groups

A

A group of people who have little close interaction or intimacy

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39
Q

Oral Storytelling

A

The process of passing down a group’s history through stories

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40
Q

Airplane

A

Invented in 1903 by the Wright Brothers. Sped up travel over long distances.

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41
Q

Sociological Structures

A

The organization and relationships in social institutions that guide individuals in the way they behave and interact with each other

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42
Q

Social Control

A

The methods that are used in a society to encourage compliance of rules, regulations, and behaviors

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43
Q

Andy Warhol

A

(1928-1987) American artist most known for developing the Pop Art movement. His prints of Marilyn Monroe and Campbell’s soup are very famous and he coined the phrase “15 minutes of fame”.

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44
Q

Battle Hymn of The Republic

A

Famous song written in 1861 by Julia Ward Howe about Union forces fighting during the Civil War

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45
Q

Surface Mining

A

Extracting resources from near the surface of the earth

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46
Q

Inequality (in economics)

A

Disparity in income and opportunities such as between the rich and poor, and between different ethnicities. Stems from meaning “not the same”.

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47
Q

Gulf Stream

A

A strong, warm current in the Atlantic Ocean which accelerates as it travels up the East Coast of North America and shoots out into the open ocean towards Europe

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48
Q

Role

A

The expected characteristics or behaviors of a person or group as related to others

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49
Q

Social Solidarity

A

When a society is brought together by common values, work, kinship, and/or education

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50
Q

American Modernism

A

Occurred after WWI through WWII. Rejected Enlightenment thinking and focused on life in the newly industrialized world. Made America the center of the art world.

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51
Q

Assembly Line

A

Refined by Henry Ford in 1909 to improve the process of mass production

52
Q

Georgia O’Keeffe

A

(1887-1986) American modernist painter most well known for her large and very detailed flowers and her landscape scenes from her native New Mexico. Known as the “Mother of American Modernism”.

53
Q

Socialization

A

The process of learning the norms and customs of a group or culture

54
Q

John James Audubon

A

(1785-1851) American ornithologist (expert on birds), naturalist, and painter. He is known for his in-depth study of birds that include detailed paintings and drawings.

55
Q

Cultural Adaptation

A

Immigrants to a new community adjust to the norms of the new culture, and adopt them as their own

56
Q

Jonas Salk

A

Developed the polio vaccine in 1955 which virtually eradicated the disease within a generation of its development

57
Q

Antarctic

A

The area south of the Antarctic Circle

58
Q

Human Migration

A

The movement of people from one location to another

59
Q

Tundra

A

An area with cold temperatures and little to no precipitation. Generally found near the poles.

60
Q

Steppes

A

An area found far from the ocean in the middle latitudes. It is marked by extreme seasons.

61
Q

Dominant Culture

A

The culture of the strongest cultural group in a society

62
Q

Canal

A

A man-made waterway made to allow boats to pass through or to transport water for irrigation purposes

63
Q

Population Pyramid

A

Chart that shows the distribution of a population by age (and often by gender as well)

64
Q

Poverty

A

When a person family is extremely poor and has minimal money to meet the basic needs of food, clothing, and shelter. Absolute poverty is extreme deprivation of basic needs and sometimes ends in death.

65
Q

Plate Tectonics

A

The large-scale movements of portions of the earth’s crust over long periods of time

66
Q

Climate

A

A measure of an area’s long-term weather patterns

67
Q

Social Stratification

A

The ranking of people in a society into various levels, often based on wealth or power. It is basically social status.

68
Q

Non-Material Components

A

Any aspect of a culture that is not physical

69
Q

Socioeconomic Class

A

People who have the same or similar status based on their wealth, education, and/or family background

70
Q

Tropics

A

The region between the Tropic of Cancer (23.5 degrees north latitude) and the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 degrees south latitude); warm temperatures; high rainfall

71
Q

Earthquakes

A

A physical event involving the shaking of the surface of the earth

72
Q

Mining

A

Extracting valuable resources from under the surface of the earth

73
Q

Reclamation

A

Creating new, useable land or returning land to a former use

74
Q

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)/Star Wars

A

Ronald Reagan’s attempted anti-missile system that could stop missiles coming from space

75
Q

Great Society

A

A series of domestic programs launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ)

76
Q

Humid Subtropical

A

An area found in the middle latitudes along the southeastern coast of continents

77
Q

Humid Continental

A

Regions with hot, humid summers and cold winters, with moderate precipitation year round.

78
Q

El Niño

A

A phenomenon in which the surface temperature of the Pacific Ocean near the Equator becomes warmer than normal, which changes weather patterns around the world. One major effect is dry weather in Asia when they would normally be in monsoon season.

79
Q

Discrimination

A

Unfair treatment towards cultures or individuals who are not in the dominant culture

80
Q

Mortality Rate

A

The number of deaths per 1,000 individuals in a population per year

81
Q

Matrix of Domination

A

Paradigm showing how race, gender, and social class interact and relate to an individual’s social standing

82
Q

Desert

A

An area with extreme temperatures and little to no precipitation (less than 10 inches of rain a year)

83
Q

Orographic Lift

A

A redirection of wind when it is forced upward to travel over the top of the mountain and then down the other side

84
Q

Race

A

Groups of people who have common biological traits such as body type, skin and hair color, and eye characteristics

85
Q

Deforestation

A

Clearing land of trees and other vegetation in order to use it for other purposes like agriculture or urban development

86
Q

Erosion

A

The slow wearing away of the surface of the land by wind or water

87
Q

Transcontinental Railroad

A

Built between 1863 and 1869 and connected to Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

88
Q

Ronald Reagan

A

Elected in 1981, giving a strong boost to the conservative movement

89
Q

Rain Shadow Effect

A

The phenomenon in which desert-like conditions appear on the leeward side of a mountain or mountain range

90
Q

Telephone

A

Invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell. Allowed instantaneous voice communication over a long distance for the first time.

91
Q

Weather

A

A measure of an area’s short-term atmospheric conditions

92
Q

Taiga

A

An area found in the high latitudes and far from the ocean

93
Q

Tropical Rainforest

A

An area with high temperature and precipitation year round. Often has high humidity.

94
Q

Temperature Zones

A

The areas between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn (23.5 degrees N and S) and the Arctic and Antarctic Circles (66.5 degrees N and S)

95
Q

Mediterranean

A

A large sea between two continents, southern Europe and northern Africa

96
Q

Situation

A

How a settlement relates to factors such as available building resources, water supply, food supply, roads, and available natural resources for consumption

97
Q

Site

A

The physical setting of a settlement

98
Q

Grid System

A

Imaginary lines, spaced equally apart, running horizontally and vertically that divide the world for referencing absolute location

99
Q

Compass Rose

A

Symbol on a map that indicates the four cardinal directions: north, south, east, and west, to orient the reader

100
Q

Strait of Hormuz

A

A key physical feature in the Middle East that is a narrow stretch of water between Iran and the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

101
Q

Legend

A

Image that explains any symbols found on the map or globe

102
Q

Relative Location

A

Describes a place in reference to others

103
Q

Gobi Desert

A

One of the key physical features in Asia, it is the fifth largest desert in the world, and covers northern and northwestern China and southern Mongolia

104
Q

Transition Zones

A

Areas which exhibit characteristics similar to multiple regions around it

105
Q

Alps Mountain Range

A

The key physical feature in Europe, this range runs from Austria to France

106
Q

Longitude

A

The vertical lines of the grid system that converge at both poles and measure distance east and west of the Prime Meridian

107
Q

Movement

A

How and why people move between areas. One of the 5 themes of geography.

108
Q

International Date Line

A

The longitudinal line (180 degrees) that separates two consecutive dates

109
Q

Region

A

A collection of different places that have one or more unifying characteristics. One of the 5 themes of geography.

110
Q

Fertile Crescent

A

A crescent-shaped area from the Mediterranean Sea on the West to the Persian Gulf on the East that contained extremely fertile soil. Some of the first agricultural communities were settled there and it is sometimes referred to as “The Cradle of Civilization”.

111
Q

Ural Mountains

A

Mountain range that divides continental Europe from Asia

112
Q

Sahara Desert

A

The key physical feature in Africa; the largest hot desert in the world covering most of northern Africa

113
Q

Human-Environment Interaction

A

The ways in which people and places interact with and influence each other. One of the 5 themes of geography

114
Q

Mississippi River

A

A key physical feature of North America that runs from Minnesota into the Gulf of Mexico

115
Q

Latitude

A

The horizontal lines of the grid system that measure distance above and below the Equator

116
Q

Location

A

The particular position of a place, described as absolute or relative. One of the 5 themes of geography.

117
Q

Prime Meridian

A

The center line of longitude that divides the Earth into an eastern and western hemisphere

118
Q

Erie Canal

A

A man-made navigable water route from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean (via New York City’s Hudson River)

119
Q

Absolute Location

A

The location of a place based on a fixed point on Earth

120
Q

Place

A

Refers to the physical and human aspects of a specific area. One of the 5 themes of geography.

121
Q

Suez Canal

A

A man made navigable water route from the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea

122
Q

Andes Mountains

A

One of two key physical features in South America, it is the longest mountain range in the world and the second highest range in the world

123
Q

Appalachian Mountains

A

A mountain range running vertically in Eastern North America and that serves as one of the key physical features of North America

124
Q

Himalaya Mountains

A

One of the key physical features in Asia, they are the tallest mountains in the world and are home to ten of the tallest peaks in the world

125
Q

Rocky Mountains

A

A 3,000 mile mountain range stretching from British Columbia in Canada to New Mexico, and are the tallest mountains in North America

126
Q

Amazon River

A

One of two key physical features in South America, it is the second longest river in the world, and discharges more water than any other river

127
Q

Panama Canal

A

A man-made waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean

Core Subjects EC - 6 Social Studies (5 decks)

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