Comp 3 Diabetes Flashcards
What are the symptoms of diabetes?
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Blurred vision
Weight loss
Treatment for type 2 diabetes
Metformin
Diet
Exercise
Insulin:
What are the 3 Diagnostics for Diabetes?
A1c
Glucose tolerance
Fasting blood glucose
What should fasting blood glucose be?
> 126
What is A1c?
Measures the average blood glucose levels for the past 3 months. 6.5+= Diabetes.
foot care for diabetes (4 things)
- Do not cross legs
- Cut toenails straight across
- Wash foot daily
- Inspect for sores/cuts
Interventions for diabetes
- Diabetic diet: fruits/veggies/hdl/sugar free
- Stay hydrated
- Check blood glucose and temperature
Kidney neuropathy causes? (Complication)
Kidney Failure or Kidney Disease
Peripheral neuropathy causes?
Tingling, loss of sensation, nerve damage in foot which can cause infections in cuts and blisters.
Why does peripheral neuropathy happen?
Excess glucose can injure nerves.
Too much sugar means delayed wound healing which increases risk for infection.
What happens with diabetic retinopathy?
Blindness, glaucoma
(Too much glucose damages retina blood vessels)
Hypoglycemia is?
Low amount of glucose <70
Hyperglycemia is?
High glucose levels. >200
Normal range of glucose?
70-100
8 Symptoms of hyperglycemia? (Drying)
Increased thirst
Increased hunger
Increased urination
Slow wound healing
Fruity Breath
Dry mouth (dehydration)
Dry and hot skin
Numbness and tingling
8 Symptoms of hypoglycemia?
(Cold and clammy)
Sweating
Anxiety
Headache
Fatigue
Cool, clammy skin
Agitation
Confusion
Shakiness
5 Causes of hyperglycemia?
Sepsis
Stress
Steroids
Skipping meds
Bad diet
Causes of Hypoglycemia (skyler Hansen)
Athlete
Exercise
Alcohol
Treatment for hyperglycemia if conscious?
15g carbs.
Wait 15min, then give another gram if needed.
Hypoglycemia treatment if unconscious?
IV dextrose or glucagon
Call Rapid Response team
What is DKA?
(Common with type 1)
Too little glucose. The body now burns fats and proteins which creates ketones. Ketones then lead to acidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis symptoms?
Hyperglycemia
Dehydration
Kussmaul Respirations
Metabolic Acidosis
Fruity breath
Is DKA gradual or abrupt?
Abrupt
What is HHNS?
(Common in type 2)
Happens with type 2 patients. Glucose levels are HIGH
Symptoms of HHNS?
(Similar to hyperglycemia)
Hyperglycemia
Dehydration
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
3 Treatments of HHNS?
Fluid replacement
Insulin with k+
Sub Q insulin
Treatment for DKA
Insulin with k+
Fluid Replacement
Bicarbonate for metabolic acidosis.
