Comp 10: Endocrine System Flashcards
1
Q
What are the basic chemical communications?
A
- autocrine signalling: signal released from cell binds to the same cell
- paracrine: cells communicate over relatively short distances
- neurotransmitter: produce neurons and secreted in extra space by presynaptic nerve terminals
- endocrine: produced by the endocrine glands, enter circulatory system and affect distant cells
2
Q
Types of homeostasis secretion:
A
- acute: sudden release due to stimulus e.g. adrenaline during stress
- chronic: small variation overtime e.g. thyroid hormone
- episodic: e.g estrogen and progesterone during menstrual cycle
3
Q
What are the functions of the endocrine system
A
- metabolism
- control food intake
- immune regulation
- ion regulation
- heart and blood pressure regulation
- urine contraction and milk release
- water balance
4
Q
What difference between the endocrine and nervous systems?
A
- endocrine: uses chemical signalling (slow> minutes/days)
- nervous: uses electrical signalling (fast> millisecs/seconds)
5
Q
What is the structure of the pituitary gland?
A
- anterior pituitary : connected to the brain by short blood vessels
- posterior pituitary : part of the brain secreting hormones directly in the blood
6
Q
Role of the hypothalamus is the pituitary gland.
A
- anterior pituitary gland: hypothalamus releasing/inhibiting hormones stimulate/inhibit anterior pituitary hormone release
- posterior pituitary gland : sends hormones to posterior lobe vis nerve cells and pituitary gland release them
7
Q
What are the 8 hypothalamic hormones?
A
- GHRH (growth hormone-releasing hormone)
- GHIH (growth hormone- inhibiting hormone)
- TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
- MRH (melanocyte-releasing hormone)
- CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)
- GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
- PRH (prolactin-releasing hormone)
- dopamine (PIH: prolactin-inhibiting hormones)
8
Q
What hormones does the anterior pituitary gland release?
A
- GH (growth hormone)
- TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)
- ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
- MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone)
- LH (lutenizing hormone)
- FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)
- prolactin
9
Q
What’s the difference between tropic and non-tropic hormones?
A
- tropic: secretion of other hormones from target tissue
- non-tropic: hormones that directly stimulate target cells to induce effects
10
Q
What hormones does the posterior pituitary gland release?
A
- ADH (antidiuretic hormone): increased reabsorption of Na and H2O from nephron. So less urine is produced or if blood pressure is down then ADH is secreted.
- Oxytocin: urine contractions during birth, ejection of milk from breast
11
Q
Negative Feedback vs Positive Feedback
A
- negative: keeps the concentration of hormone within a narrow range and maintains homeostasis
- positive: cause concentration of hormone increasingly higher
