Community Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

All species within a given area are going to _ in many different ways

A

Interact

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2
Q

Whenever the resources are scarce, you will see _ happen for those resources

A

Competition

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3
Q

Intraspecific Competition

A

Competition within the same species

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4
Q

Interspecific Competition

A

Competition between different species

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5
Q

Competitive Exclusion

A

When one species out-competes another species for the same resources and eliminates the losing species

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6
Q

Species Coexistence

A

Each species finds a mutual existence for their resources

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7
Q

Fundamental Niche

A

The entire ecological capacity of an organism

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8
Q

Realized Niche

A

What an organism actually fulfills due to competition

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9
Q

Resource Partitioning

A

When two competing organisms adapt to share resources in different ways

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10
Q

Character Displacement

A

When the competing species ultimately evolves to match their realized niche; can be led by resource partitioning

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11
Q

Predation

A

When one species hunts, captures, and kills another species

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12
Q

Some critters have adapted to evade predators:

A

Cryptic Coloration
Warning Coloration
Mimicry

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13
Q

Parasitism

A

Where one organism will harm another organism without killing it

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14
Q

Herbivory

A

Where an animal feeds on plants; probably the most common type of exploitation; most plants can withstand the eating, but some have adapted very unique ways of defending themselves

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15
Q

Mutualism

A

Where two species will benefit from each others’ existence; some are borderline parasitism, but most often the association results in symbiosis, a peaceful existence

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16
Q

Other Interactions

A

Amensalism: One organism is harmed and the other is unaffected
Commensalism: One organism is benefited and the other is unaffected

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17
Q

Community

A

A group of different species all living in the same environment at the same time

18
Q

Energy is transferred through _, or a feeding hierarchy

A

Trophic Levels

19
Q

Producers

A

Self-feeding autotrophs; use photosynthesis to generate energy; get the most energy percentage from use; ex.: grass, phytoplankton, trees

20
Q

Consumers

A

All feeding organisms; primary consumers are grazing herbivores (and insects); secondary consumers feed primarily on primary consumers; tertiary consumers feed on them all

21
Q

Detrivores/Decomposers

A

Comsume nonliving matter; recycle nutrients for uptake for primary producers; ex.: fungus, earthworms, bacteria, crawfish, molds

22
Q

We call the movement or tracking of feeding relationships a _

A

Food Web

23
Q

Keystone Species

A

Some species have such an important role in the ecosystem that if they were removed, the ecosystem would fall apart

24
Q

A community that stay the same in response to a disturbance shows _

A

Resistance

25
Q

A community that changes during a disturbance but afterwards returns to its original state shows _

A

Resilience

26
Q

Primary Succession

A

A return to an ecosystem where everything was wiped out; the first organism to return and recolonize is called a pioneer species

27
Q

Secondary Succession

A

A return to an ecosystem where most everything was wiped out, but some organism survived; the previous species will act as building blocks for the new community

28
Q

Temperate Deciduous Forest

A

Characterized by broad-leafed deciduous trees that lose their leaves in the fall and remain dormant in the winter; occupy a mid-latitudinal range from Europe to China

29
Q

Temperate Grassland

A

Typically little rainfall with very little trees; also can be called a steppe or prairie, these grasslands, once widespread, now are mostly converted for agriculture; animals typical of grassland are bison, antelope, and quail

30
Q

Temperate Rainforest

A

Characterized by heavy rainfall, but with a more midline latitude; the pacific northwest is a great example of a temperate rainforest; tree species are abundant, and, therefore, so are logging industries

31
Q

Tropical Rainforest

A

Also characterized by heavy rainfall; will have year round warm weather as compared to a temperate rainforest; one of the most biologically diverse areas on the globe

32
Q

Tropical Dry Forest

A

Characterized by two distinct seasons: wet and not; stays warm year round, but will only have rain for half of the year; India and Africa are both good examples of tropical dry forests

33
Q

Savanna

A

Also warm year round and characterized by two distinct rainfall seasons; however, a savanna is a grassland without large trees

34
Q

Desert

A

Driest biome on earth; characterized by very little rainfall, (usually less than 9 inches per year); contrary to popular belief, deserts don’t have to be hot; deserts in high elevations tend to be quite cool

35
Q

Tundra

A

Not quite as dry as a desert, but still does not receive very much rainfall; characterized by short days and very cold temperatures; found in very high altitudes, close to the poles; parts of Alaska and Russia are tundra

36
Q

Boreal Forest/Taiga

A

Characterized by cool temperatures and moderate rainfall; has many evergreen tree species and unique animal communities; there is a strong seasonal variation in day length, driving animals to find the majority of their energy in just a few months

37
Q

Chaparral

A

Highly seasonal area; mostly characterized by small, shrubby plants, dry, hot day temperatures, and cool, moist nights; wine grapes are grown in the few chaparral areas across the globe

38
Q

Mountainous Regions

A

Self-explanatory

39
Q

Unvegetated Regions

A

Where nothing grows; most of Greenland

40
Q

Regardless of where they are in the world, most biomes fall along a _ and _ gradient

A

Latitude; altitude