Agriculture

Question 1

Agriculture

Answer 1

Raising crops and livestock for human use and/or consumption

Question 2

Cropland

Answer 2

Land used for food or fiber

Question 3

Rangeland

Answer 3

Land used for grazing livestock

Question 4

Traditional Agriculture

Answer 4

Using biological organisms for farming (people and animals)

Question 5

Industrial Agriculture

Answer 5

Using irrigation, synthetic fertilizer, pesticides, and machinery for farming

Question 6

Monoculture

Answer 6

Uniform planting of one crop

Question 7

Green Revolution

Answer 7

Industrialized agriculture spreading to developing nations

Question 8

Agriculture started about _ years ago worldwide, but probably earliest in the _ in the middle east.

Answer 8

10000; fertile crescent

Question 9

Irrigation

Answer 9

Diverting water for farming use

Question 10

Fertilizers

Answer 10

Essential nutrients, inorganic or organic, added to crops

Question 11

Overgrazing

Answer 11

An area that has suffered from the result of too many critters feeding on it

Question 12

Food Security

Answer 12

A reliable source of food available for the people

Question 13

Undernourised

Answer 13

People do not receive 90% of their caloric needs

Question 14

Overnourished

Answer 14

People receive way too many calories each day

Question 15

Ultimately the goal of agriculture is to _ the people.

Answer 15

Feed

Question 16

The _ is a controversial movement started by Dr. Norman Borlaug (an Aggie) in the 1950s. It was a way to increase the output of specific crops to combat worldwide hunger through _. It has brought both good and bad.

Answer 16

Green Revolution; selective genetic breeding

Question 17

Green Revolution Pros

Answer 17

Increased worldwide wheat, corn, and maize production
Saved forest land
Fed over 1 billion people

Question 18

Green Revolution Cons

Answer 18

Started monoculture
Increased industrialization
Genetically modified crops
Shifted energy production from sun based to oil based

Question 19

With the advent of _, you see the rise of mass crop kills by pests. To combat that, we use a variety of chemicals that kill the pests.

Answer 19

Monoculture

Question 20

Pests are starting to become _ to pesticides, and we thus are forced to make stronger, more toxic chemicals.

Answer 20

Genetically resistant

Question 21

Texas melon crop in 1997 was destroyed by _ because of a resistance to _.

Answer 21

Gummy stem blight; Benlate

Question 22

Biological Control/Biocontrol

Answer 22

Using one organism to combat another (examples: parasitic wasps, cactus moth, Bacilus thuringiensis); can become pests themselves; beneficial pollinators?

Question 23

Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Answer 23

Uses biocontrol, chemicals if necessary, transgenic crops, crop rotation, and mechanical removal of pests

Question 24

_ are those that have had their genetic material altered to fit the needs of a specific purpose. Sounds like a great idea in practice, but what does it do to our bodies? Greed has set in big time.

Answer 24

Genetically modified organisms

Question 25

Over _ of all the crops in the US are GMOs.

Answer 25

Half

Question 26

GMOs have only been in effect for _ years or so, which is not long enough for sufficient scientific testing.

Answer 26

20

Question 27

Should we take a _?

Answer 27

Precautionary principle

Question 28

We are starting to see the fall of _, or heirloom variety foods. In the US we have lost _ of the diversity of our fruits and vegetables in a little under 100 years.

Answer 28

Heritage; 90%

Question 29

In China, the number of wheat varieties have dropped from _ in 1949 to _ in 1970.

Answer 29

10000; 1000

Question 30

_ are starting to combat the lack of diversity of our food by storing and preserving as many varieties of seeds as they possibly can.

Answer 30

Seed banks

Question 31

GMO Examples

Answer 31

``` Flavr Savr tomatoes Bt crops StarLink corn Monsato Roundup Ready crops Terminator seeds ```

Question 32

_ in Spitsbergen, Norway seeks to save the world's seed varieties from destruction. Over _ seeds are stored here.

Answer 32

Svalbard Global Seed Vault; 400000

Question 33

The _ in England has over _ different types of seed.

Answer 33

Royal Seed Conservatory; 4 billion

Question 34

In addition to plant material, most people also feed on livestock products. As globalization has increased, so has our demand for livestock, and so _ has taken over. Since the 1950s the family farm is no more.

Answer 34

Industrial feedlot agriculture

Question 35

Feedlot

Answer 35

Factory farm where animals are concentrated into small, efficient spaces

Question 36

CAFO

Answer 36

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation

Question 37

Feedlots are gross. One cow can produce _ pounds of waste a year. The largest feedlot operation in the US can house over _ head of cattle.This amount of waste generated is more than the cities of Boston, Atlanta, St. Louis, and Denver combined.

Answer 37

44975; 200000

Question 38

On average, a steer in a feedlot will eat _ pounds of grain and gain _ pounds in weight.

Answer 38

3000; 400

Question 39

There has been a recent push to return to traditional farming practices. _ by definition is farming that does not deplete soil nutrients faster than they can be put back intro the system. We will still use synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, etc., but use good management practices such as no-till, crop rotation, and good carrying capacities.

Answer 39

Sustainable agriculture

Question 40

Due to the rise in concern of the public over artificial chemicals in their food, the _ has started to explode in the 21st century. Since 2000, the USDA has had strict certification systems and labeling for organic produce, or those products grown without the addition of any synthetic fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides, or herbicides. Any food label starting with a 9 on the code is an organic product.

Answer 40

Organic movement

Question 41

Aquaculture

Answer 41

The farming of aquatic organisms (mostly fish)

Question 42

Aquaculture Pros

Answer 42

Prevents taking natural fish from their habitats and alleviates over harvesting; also very nutritious

Question 43

Aquaculture Cons

Answer 43

Virus outbreaks can happen as well as antibiotic contamination; there are also GM fish

Question 44

One of the best things you can do is _. The average food product travels _ miles before it gets to your plate.

Answer 44

Buy produce from your local business and farmers; 1400

Question 45

Community-supported Agriculure

Answer 45

Get involved in a community garden

Question 46

Energy/Feed Inputs

Answer 46

``` Cow: 20 k - 1 kg Pig: 7.3 k - 1 kg Milk: 4.5 k - 1 kg Chicken: 2.8 k - 1 kg Egg: 1.1 k - 1 kg ```