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General Ecology > Community Ecology > Flashcards

Community Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Composed of interacting populations of different species.

A

COMMUNITY

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2
Q
  • a place where a population or an individual of a given species lives.
  • It has physical and chemical conditions
A

Habitat

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3
Q

a full range of the abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species can live and reproduce

A

Niche

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4
Q
  • relationship existing between individuals of two or more species.
  • may be broadly classified as SYMBIOSIS; ANTAGONISM; NEUTRALISM.
A

Interspecific relationship

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5
Q

relationship existing within a population species.

A

Intraspecific relationship

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6
Q

Relationships with interactions between different trophic levels

A
  1. Predation
  2. Competition
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7
Q

Symbiotic Relationships

A
  1. Mutualism
  2. Parasitism
  3. Commensalism
  4. Protocooperation
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8
Q

In spite of two partners being involved in the association, only one species is benefited at the cost of the other. Hence one species is harmed.

A

Antagonism

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9
Q

Antagonism can be further classified as:

A
  • antibiosis/amensalism
  • parasitism
  • predation
  • competition
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10
Q

“Living together”
– refers to very close relationships
– a gradient of interactions

A

Symbiosis

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11
Q

neither population affects the other

A

Neutralism

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12
Q

Direct inhibition of each species by the other

A

Competition (direct interference type)

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13
Q

Indirect inhibition when common resource is in short supply

A

Competition (resource use type)

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14
Q

Population 1 inhibited, 2 not affected

A

Amensalism

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15
Q

Population 1 the parasite generally smaller than the host (2)

A

Parasitism

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16
Q

Population 1 the predator generally larger than the prey

A

Predation

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17
Q

Population 1 the commensal benefits while the host (2) is not affected

A

Commensalism

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18
Q

Interaction favorable to both but not obligatory

A

Protocooperation

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19
Q

Interaction favorable to both and obligatory

A

Mutualism

20
Q

the relationship between two species which do interact but do not affect each other. It is to describe interactions where the fitness of one species has absolutely no effect whatsoever on that of other.

A

Neutralism

21
Q

2 types of COMPETITION

A
  1. Direct Interference competition
  2. Resource use type competition
22
Q

Direct inhibition of each species by the other

A

Direct Interference competition

23
Q

Indirect inhibition when common resource is in short supply

A

Resource use type competition

24
Q

Two or more organisms living together where one is harmed by the relationship without harming or benefiting the other.

A

AMENSALISM

25
Q

Type of symbiotic relationship between organisms of different species where one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the host.

A

PARASITISM

26
Q

Kind of Parasites

A
  1. Temporary or Partial parasites
  2. Permanent parasites
  3. External parasites
  4. Endoparasites
  5. Facultative parasites
27
Q

The organisms spend only a part of their life cycle as parasites.

A

Temporary or Partial parasites

28
Q

The organisms spend its entire life cycle as a parasite.

A

Permanent parasites

29
Q

or ectoparasites: Are generally found on the outer surface and derive their nourishment from the body of the host.

A

External parasites

30
Q

or internal parasites: Are found within the body of the host.

A

Endoparasites

31
Q

Some parasites are parasitic only on a need basis. They remain free at other times.

A

Facultative parasites

32
Q

PARASITE-HOST INTERACTIONS
Gradient of Effect Types:
–associated with length of relationship

A

1) Small Effect
2) Variable Effect
3) Large Effect

33
Q

–reproduces in host
–requires low virulence
–infect reproductive system

A

Small Effect - parasite

34
Q

–brief period in host
–virulence related to number of parasites in host

A

Variable Effect - parasite

35
Q

–intermediate host
–alter intermediate host to gain access to definitive host

A

Large Effect - parasite

36
Q

a biological interaction where a predator (an organism that is hunting) feeds on its prey, the organism that is attacked. Predators may or may not kill their prey prior to feeding on them, but the act of predation always results in the death of the prey.

A

PREDATION

37
Q

Types of predation

A
  1. Cannibalism
  2. Parasitism
  3. Herbivory
38
Q

is simply predation on another individual of the same species.

A

Cannibalism

39
Q

as in predation, one species benefits (the parasite) while the second is harmed (the host). The distinction between these two types of interactions is that, typically, a predator kills its prey more or less immediately (e.g., a shark eating a tuna or a venus fly trap consuming a fly) whereas a parasite feeds for an extended period on a living host

A

Parasitism

40
Q

occurs when an animal uses a plant as food. In most cases, a single act of herbivory does not kill a plant).

A

Herbivory

41
Q

Predation has driven the evolution of some truly amazing phenomena, such as

A

• crypsis (camouflaging coloration),
• aposematism (warning coloration),
• mimicry, and
• other ways animals avoid being eaten.

42
Q

Objective–find & catch

A

Predator

43
Q

Objective–hide & escape

A

Prey

44
Q

A class of relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits but the other is unaffected

A

COMMENSALISM

45
Q

“sharing of food” in human social interaction, which in turn derives from the Latin cum mensa, meaning “sharing a table”.

A

COMMENSAL

46
Q

a form of mutualism, but they do not depend on each other for survival.

A

PROTOCOOPERATION

47
Q

An obligatory interaction between organisms leading to favorable result.

A

MUTUALISM

General Ecology (4 decks)

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