Community Dynamics

Question 1

Place or set of environmental conditions in which a particular organism lives

Answer 1

Habitat

Question 2

• Functional description of the role a species play in the community- how it obtains food, what relationship it has with other species, and the services it provides in its biological community.
• Specialist and Generalist

Answer 2

Ecological Niche

Question 3

• Giant panda feeds exclusively on _____________.
• Its teeth and digestive system are those of ___________, it is not a good hunter and has adapted to a _____________ diet.
• It eats up to ________ of bamboo leaves and stalks daily.
• In _________, huge acreages of bamboo flowered and died, and many pandas starved.

Answer 3

Bamboo
Carnivore
Vegetarian
40 lbs
1970’s

Question 4

Species Interaction

Answer 4

Predation

Competition

Symbiosis

Question 5

an organism that feeds directly upon another living organism, whether or not it kills prey

Answer 5

Predator

Question 6

Rabbit is the _____________ of grass while ______ is the predator of rabbit

Answer 6

Predator

Fox

Question 7

• birds feeding on ______________
• ___________ feeding on cactus plants
• lizard eating ____________

Answer 7

earthworms
tortoises
cockroach

Question 8

• Predation througout the life cycle is very pronounced in ___________________
• Predators also change their __________________

Answer 8

marine intertidal animals

feeding targets

Question 9

• Predation is an important factor in ______________
• __________________ most successfully on the slowest, weakest, least fit members of their target population, thus allowing successful traits to be dominant in the prey population.

Answer 9

Evolution

Predators prey

Question 10

• Prey species have evolved many protective or defensive adaptations to avoid predation.

Answer 10

Coevolution

Question 11

Predators in turn, evolve mechanisms to overcome the defenses of their prey.

Answer 11

Coevolution

Question 12

process in which species exert selective pressure on each other

Answer 12

Coevolution

Question 13

A set of species whose importance on its community or ecosystem is much larger and more influential than would be expected from mere abundance.
Example: mycorrhizae- fungi associated with tree roots

Answer 13

Keystone species

Question 14

Two types of Competition

Answer 14

Intraspecific Competition

Interspecific Competition

Question 15

competition among the members of same species

Answer 15

Intraspecific Competition

Question 16

competition between members of different species

Answer 16

Interspecific Competition

Question 17

• many plants have adaptations for dispersing their seeds to other sites by air, water or animals

Answer 17

Competition among plants

Question 18

adaptive response to intraspecific competition: varied life cycle and territoriality

Answer 18

Competition among animals

Question 19

Competition among Animals

Answer 19

Life cycle

Territoriality

Question 20

Leaf-munching caterpillar to nectar-sipping adult butterfly

Answer 20

Life cycle

Question 21

helps allocate resources of the area by spacing out the members of the population

Answer 21

Territoriality

Question 22

intimate living together of members of two or more species

Answer 22

Symbiosis

Question 23

Symbiosis

Answer 23

A. commensalism
B. Mutualism
C. Parasitism

Question 24

one member clearly benefits and the other apparently is neither benefited nor harmed

Answer 24

Commensalism

Question 25

Examples:

a. shark and remora fish
b. mosses, bromeliads growing on trees

Answer 25

Commensalism

Question 26

both members of the partnership benefit

Answer 26

Mutualism

Question 27

Example:

a. lichens: combination of fungus and either an alga of a blue-green bacterium

Answer 27

Mutualism

Question 28

The alga photosynthesizes and the product is absorbed by fungus. The alga is protected from drying by living in between filaments of fungus

Answer 28

Mutualism

Question 29

B. acacia and acacia ants c. cattle and cattle egrets d. butterfly and flower
e. termite and flagellated protozoan
(Trichonympha campanula)

Answer 29

Mutualism

Question 30

• one species benefits while the other is harmed

* ectoparasites such as ticks •endoparasites such as Plasmodium

Answer 30

Parasitism

Question 31

relationship where one organism is inhibited or killed while the other organism is unaffected.

Answer 31

Amensalism

Question 32

the organisms that harm is capable of secreting a toxic material that is harmful to other organisms but not to itself

Answer 32

Allelopathy

Question 33

• rye and wheat as cover crops to suppress growth of weeds
• broccoli plants secrete chemical that inhibits growth of other plants
• Black walnut tree (Juglans nigra) secretes juglone that inhibits growth of other plants
• Penicillium notatum secretes penicillin that kills and growth of bacterial species

Answer 33

Amensalism

Question 34

an adaptation in which an unprotected species evolves in shape and coloration to resemble related species that protect themselves with poison or painful stingers

Answer 34

Batesian mimicry

Question 35

example: Viceroy butterfly, Limentitis archippus, which closely resembles bad tasting monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus

Answer 35

Batesian mimicry

Question 36

Example: viceroy butterfly (the mimic palatable species)

Monarch butterfly (the model-distasteful species)

Answer 36

Mimicry

Question 37

evolution of similar coloration and body shapes by several unrelated species

Answer 37

Muellerian mimicry

Question 38

Example: some harmless flies and beetles look very much like dangerous stinging wasps

Answer 38

Muellerian mimicry