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General 5 > Community Dent > Flashcards

Community Dent Flashcards

1
Q

Measure of central tendency that fluctuates least from sample to sample

A

Mean

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2
Q

Mean or Arythmetic average

A

Most common

Sensitive to extreme scores

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3
Q

Insensitive to extreme scores

A

Median

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4
Q

Most frequent occruring value
Ease if computation
Quick indicator of central value in distribution

A

Mode

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5
Q

How far one value is from another

A

Measures of dispersion or variation

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6
Q

Easy to calculate and unstable

A

Range

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7
Q

How far the data is clustered around the mean

Possible zero variance

A

Coefficient of variation

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8
Q

Tells you how spread out the numbera are in a sample

A

Standard deviation

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9
Q

Census

A

Every 10 years

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10
Q

Non probability sampling

A 
Quota
Purposive
Snowball or Chain referred
Convenience
Judgment
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11
Q

General composition is decided in advanced and includes a particular segment of population

A

Quota

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12
Q

A researcher has a specific group in mind

A

Purposive

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13
Q

Asking participants to suggest someone for study

Hard to track

A

Snowball

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14
Q

Taking what you can get

A

Convenience

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15
Q

Selection is based on the judgment of researcher

A

Judgment

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16
Q

When population is
Small
Homogenous
Readily available

A

Simple random

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17
Q

When population is
Large
Homogenous
Scattered

A

Systematic

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18
Q

Less cost, less laborious, more purposeful

TB test, covid test

A

Multiphase sampling

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19
Q

Employed in large countries

Country-wide survey

A

Multistage sampling

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20
Q

The information is divided into definite qualitative basis

A

Nominal

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21
Q

Rank order relation

A

Ordinal

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22
Q

Father of health statistics

A

John Graunt

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23
Q

Single data

A

Bar diagram

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24
Q

Plots different types of data

Quantitative data of continuous type

A

Histogram

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25
Q

Compares two or more frequency distribution

A

Frequency polygon

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26
Q

Used to show percentage

A

Pie diagram

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27
Q

Shows geographic distributions

A

Cartograms/ spot map

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28
Q

Popular method of presenting data to man in street

A

Pictogram

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29
Q

Used to get certain hypothesis

A

Test of significance

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30
Q

Parametric test

A

Used for quantitative data

Data with magnitude

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31
Q

Nonparametric tests

A

Used for qualitative data

Descriptions/characteristics

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32
Q

Parametric test

A 
Chi square
Student T 
Z 
Pearson correlation
F (ANOVA)
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33
Q

Goal of chi square

A

Test the association between two events

Cause and effect

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34
Q

3 most important applications

A

Test of
Proportion
Association
Goodness of fit

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35
Q

Student T

A

Grosset in 1908

Determine if the means of two sets of data are significantly different from each other

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36
Q

Unpaired T

A

Independent samples t-test used when two separate sets of independent and identically distributed samples are obtained

100 and 50

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37
Q

Paired T

A

Use a paired T test when you have same population tested two times on different occasions

100 and 100

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38
Q

Preferred for more than one comparison

Compares different groups with the variation within a group

A

ANOVA

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39
Q

Test indicated when various experimental groups differ in terms of only one factor at a time

Height

A

One way ANOVA test

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40
Q

It is indicated when various experimental group differs in terms of two factors

Height and weight

A

Two way or multifactorial ANOVA

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41
Q

The same people are sampled on two different occasions

A

Paired T

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42
Q

To find the association between 2 variables

A

CST

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43
Q

When one study group is sampled on 3 or more occasions

When two or more groups are studied in one or 2 factors

A

Anova

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44
Q

When multiple groups are studied in terms of only one factor

A

One way anova

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45
Q

Test used to examine differences between frequencies in sample

A

CST

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46
Q

When a test uses nominal data only and has more than 25 subjects

A

CST

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47
Q

When a test uses nominal data only and has fewer than 25 subjects

A

Fischer’s exact probability

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48
Q

The process by which we select controls in such a way that they are similar to case with regard to ceratin pertinent selected variables are known to influence the outcome

A

Matching

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49
Q

Disadvantage of matching

A

Tendency of overmatching

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50
Q

Cases are divided into subtypes or groups based on their characteristics

Age
Occupation

A

Group matching

Frequency matching

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51
Q

Individual
One on one
Pair matching

A

For each case a control is chosen
50 year old with disease
50 year old without disease

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52
Q

Original data that has been compiled for a specific purpose tagt has not been collated

A

Primary data

53
Q

Primary data collected by

A

Observation
Interview
Questionnaire
Schedules

54
Q

Reused for another source

Data collected by someone else

A

Secondary data

55
Q

Secondary data

A

Reliable
Sutaible
Adequate

56
Q

Epidemiology is a branch of medical science which treats epidemics

A

Parkin

57
Q

Epidemiology is the science of mass phenomena of infectious disease

A

Frost

58
Q

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states in specified population and the application of this study to control health problems

A

John Last

59
Q

Cluster of cases occuring a brief time of interval

Onset of an epidemic

A

Outbreak

60
Q

Disease that is already presented in the populatiom of a particular area

A

Endemic

61
Q

Spreads in a country suddenly
Clearly in excess of normal expectations
Temporary prevalence of a disease

A

Epidemic

62
Q

Endemic disease in animals

A

Endozootic

63
Q

Epidemic disease in animals

A

Epizootic

64
Q

Disease imported into the country

A

Exotic

65
Q

Type of epidemic disease that spreads person to person contact and evolves more slowly

A

Prosodentic

66
Q

Generates hypothesis on risk and cause of disease

A

Descriptive

67
Q

Test the hypothesis by assessing the determinants

A

Analytical

68
Q

Proportion of population with a problem

A

Prevalence

69
Q

Rate of new problem during a period of time

A

Incidence

Cumulative incidence

70
Q

Fundamental principles of public health

A

Prevention
Ethics
Teamwork
Cost efficiency

71
Q

CPITN

A

WHO nad FDI
1982

Pocket depth
Subgingival calculus
Bleeding

72
Q

Russel’s perio index

A

Gingivitis
Loss of epithelial attachments
Alveolar bone loss

73
Q

PHP index

A

Podshadley and Haley
Assess before and after oral hygiene
Labial of incisors
Buccal of molars

74
Q

Gingival index

A

Loe and Sillness

75
Q

DEF/DMF

A

Henry Klein
E.Palmer
Knutson

Most common for dental caries index
All 28 permanent

76
Q

def

A

Grubbel

Children 5-6 years

77
Q

OHIS

A

Green and Vermillion

Plaque and calculus on 6 surfaces and 6 teeth

78
Q

Fluoride

A

Churchill in 1931

8 to 16 mg/kg

79
Q

Management for acute chloride toxicity

A

Milk
Induce vomiting >5mg
10% calc. gluconate if >15mg

80
Q

Added to drinking water

A

Hydrofluorosolicic acid

81
Q

Lethal dose of fluoride

A

32.63 mg/kg

2.5 to 5 grams (child)
8 grams (adult)
82
Q

Tools that allow orderly collection and arranged of data with defined criteria

A

Index

83
Q

Dr. Frederick Mckay

A

Mottled enamel

Colorado brown stain

84
Q

Dr. H. Trendley Dean

A

Relationship of fluoride and water

85
Q

Anticaries effect of fluoride

A

Increased enamel resistance
Remineralization of incipient lesions
Antibacterial action
Altering morphology of teeth

86
Q

Fluoride requirement

Below 2: 0.25mg
2 to 3: 0.5mg
3 to 13: 1mg

A

More than 3 not needed

87
Q

0.7 to 1.2ppm

A

Prevents dental caries

88
Q

1.5 to 3 ppm

A

Dental fluorosis

89
Q

3 to 8ppm

A

Severe dental fluorosis

Mild skeletal fluorosis

90
Q

8 or more

A

Severe dental and skeletal fluorosis

91
Q

Fluoride toothpaste

A

Sodium fluoride = sodium monophosphate

Stannous fluoride

92
Q

Fluoride by dentist

A

8% stannous fluoride
5% sodium varnish
1.23% APF

93
Q

Fluoride excreted in

A

Urine

94
Q

Antibacterial action of fluoride

A

Enolase

Phosphoglucomutase

95
Q

Fluoride in resto

A

Resin bonded sealants
GI
Compomers

96
Q

Varnish

A

Schimdt in Europe

97
Q

Rationale of cavity varnish

A

Ability of fluoride to adhere to enamel for long periods

98
Q

ART

WHO 1994

A

Hand instrument plus GI

99
Q

Commonly used varnish

A

Duraphat
Fluor Protector
Durafluor
Cavity shield

100
Q

First fluoride varnish

A

Duraphat

22,600ppm fluoride

101
Q

Fluoride concentration 7000ppm or 0.70%

A

Fluor protector

102
Q

Durafluor

A

22.6 mg/fl

103
Q

Cavity shield

A

5% NaF

104
Q

Organization of member agents that have a system of social relationships

A

Society

105
Q

8% in topical fluoride

A

Stannous fluoride

106
Q

Limited study

A

Pilot study

107
Q

A group of members living together in such a way that the members have basic conditions of common life

A

Community

108
Q

Is synonymous to universe

A

Population

109
Q

Vertical axis

A

Ordinate

110
Q

Horizontal axis

A

Abscissa

111
Q

Sample will be taken

A

Sampling population

112
Q

Group of people united for a specific purpose

A

Association

113
Q

Measure of dispersion

A

Range

114
Q

General term used to refer to a measure of occurence of certain disease

A

Rate

115
Q

Obtained by survey

A

Baseline data

116
Q

Data in its original form

A

Raw data

117
Q

Primary unit in society

A

Family

118
Q

Accumulation of learned behaviors, beliefs and skills of mannkind as a whole

A

Culture

119
Q

Made of heterogenous inhabitants

A

Population group

120
Q

In health education, is the most effective and cheapest

A

Spoken words

121
Q

Number of cases which falls within a given range of measurable scale

A

Distribution

122
Q

Number of times a certain data would occur

Number of cases that fall at one point or range on a scale

A

Frequency

123
Q

Found in toothpaste and mouthwash

2% in topical

A

Sodium fluoride

124
Q

Topical fluoride

A

Applied in 3, 7, 10 and 13 years old

125
Q

New behavior learned initially through observing and imitating a model

A

Social learning

126
Q

Diet counseling

A

Professional effort

127
Q

Dental disease prevention

A

Community effort

128
Q

Decision about a course of action

A

Planning

129
Q

Important index in level of health in community

A

IMR

General 5 (3 decks)

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