Community and family

Question 1

Parental behaviour varies according to location, culture, context, SES, etc… Parents can be viewed as

Answer 1

Customers (in the competitive market model)
Citizens (in governance or accountability)
Clients
First educators (parents closest)
Partners (implies some equality)

Woods (1995): consumer-citizens

Question 2

Bastiani (1993) proposes that the basis for home-school partnerships is

Answer 2

Sharing of power, responsibility, ownership
Mutuality: listening, dialogue, compromise
Shared goals
Joint action

Question 3

Martin et al. (1999) highlight two types of focus for schools

Answer 3

Inward: community enriches the educational experience, parents help students make progress, but school is source of value
Outward: reaching out to serve the needs of the community, education to empower, school boundaries are permeable

Question 4

Families can be involved in schools in a variety of ways

Answer 4

individual (parents) vs collective (group of families)
Focused on either the:
particular (relating to one child) OR general (relating to whole school, policies, goals)

Question 5

Critique of Rose (2003) who assumes that leadership of schools MUST be shared with parents and the community (distributed leadership)

Answer 5

Model doesn’t hold water, money is power, this is the driving force behind many private schools, too idealized to work properly as it should, and it would only work in certain cultures with low PD

Question 6

Learning communities can achieve much according to Furman (2002)

Answer 6

A sense of belonging to remedy alienation
Better academic achievement
Teaching students how to live and get a long with others in a modern democratic society

Question 7

Ranson (1990): two ways of viewing school and parents

Answer 7

All stems from the organisation’s attitude towards people/learning (LINK back to purpose of learning, Hard HRM vs Soft)
relationships for utilitarian exchange only, parents as customers
OR
people and relationships valued in themselves, communal perspective

Question 8

Bastiani’s (2002) work in Tower Hamlets leading to a practical framework:

Answer 8

establishing key values through policy creation
support children’s learning at home
support parents’ learning and development
treat parents as partners
take advantage of context/culture

Question 9

Martin et al.’s (1999) framework for analyzing school’s orientation to families and communities

Answer 9

Values (what is motivating the relationship?)
Purposes (what is the goal of the initiative?)
Tasks (what are the specific things being done?)
Conditions (are the conditions suitable for success?)

Question 10

Cox and Peterson (2011) on partnerships

Answer 10

Effective partnerships between families ands schools lead to increased academic achievement

Question 11

Martin et al.’s (1999) description of effective partnerships

Answer 11

Valuing people as citizens
Recognize social and academic goals
Inclusiveness
Build aspiration through achievement
Structures for shared decision making

Question 12

Bray’s (2000) matrix

Answer 12

Pseudo participants to genuine partnership