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NBDHE > Community > Flashcards

Community Flashcards

1
Q

3 Types of prevention

A

1) Primary: Delay onset of disease, reverse its progress or arrest it
Ex: Prophy, fluoride, sealants
2) Secondary: Routine tx to terminate the disease process or restore tissues to as normal as possible
Ex: Restorations
Tertiary: Replacement of lost tissues through rehab
Ex: Implants, crowns, dentures

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2
Q

Optimal level of fluoride in water

A

0.7ppm

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3
Q

Five dimensional health model

A

PIE… So Scrumptious
1) Physical
2) Intellectual/knowledge
3) Emotional
4) Social
5) Spiritual

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4
Q

Maslow hierarchy of needs

A

Physiological, safety, love and belonging, self esteem, self actualization

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5
Q

Learning Latter

A

Unicorns Are So Incredible And Happy
Unawareness
Awareness
Self Interest
Involvement
Action
Habit

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6
Q

ADPIED

A

Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation, documentation

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7
Q

Goal Vs objective

A

Goal: Broad statement about the expected outcome
Objective: Specific and observable actions
The goal for your program is set first, then you develop measurable objectives

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8
Q

Qualitative evaluation

A

Quality of program

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9
Q

Quantitative evaluation

A

Numerical scale

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10
Q

Formative evaluation

A

Internal evaluation DURING planning

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11
Q

Summative evaluation

A

Eval AFTER implementation

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12
Q

Type 1 examination

A

Complete exam
Mouth mirror, explorer, adequate illumination, thorough radiographs, study models
Least used in community health

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13
Q

Type 2 examination

A

Limited exam
Mouth mirror, explorer, adequate illumination, posterior BWX, select PAs

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14
Q

Type 3 examination

A

Inspection
Mouth mirror, explorer, adequate illumination
MOST commonly used in community health

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15
Q

Type 4 examination

A

Screening
Tongue depressor and available illumination
If it uses a tongue depressor, its type 4

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16
Q

Eastman interdental bleeding index

A

Reversible, uses wooden interdental cleaner, assess papillary bleeding

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17
Q

Incidence rate

A

How many new cases are seen in a population

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18
Q

Prevalence rate

A

Total number of cases at a given time
Existing

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19
Q

Null hypothesis

A

Stated as a negative outcome
Ex: There is no statistical significant difference between…

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20
Q

Research hypothesis

A

Stated as a positive outcome
Ex: There is a statistical significance between

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21
Q

Random sampling

A

Every subject selected independently and randomly
** Reduces chances of bias!!

22
Q

Stratified

A

Think of strategic
Choosing based on certain subgroups (age, gender, income)

23
Q

Systematic

A

Select every nth subject to participate

24
Q

Judgmental

A

Selected by personal judgement of who would be a typical participant
** Creates bias!!

25
Q

Convenience

A

Group is already together and convenient
**Creates bias!!

26
Q

Historical research design

A

Looks at incidence and prevalence of disease in a population over time

27
Q

Descriptive research design

A

Describes the presence and distribution of a disease or health condition at one point in time

28
Q

Retrospective research design

A

Investigates possible causes of disease
Uses medical records

29
Q

Longitudinal research design

A

A group is observed over a long period of time

30
Q

Experimental research design

A

Most familiar type of research
Known as clinical trials

31
Q

Control group
Independent variable
Dependent variable

A

Control= What stays constant in the study
Independent= variable being manipulated
Dependent= Outcome being studied

32
Q

IRB- Institutional review board

A

Reviews ethical implications of research study, ensures safety

33
Q

Nominal scale

A

Organizes data into exclusive categories
Categories have NO rank order
Ex: Hair color

34
Q

Ordinal scale

A

Organizes data into exclusive categories WITH rank order
Ex: Difficulty level 1-10

35
Q

Interval scale

A

No absolute zero point- so # can be negative
Ex: Temperature

36
Q

Ratio scale

A

Has absolute zero point
Can apply all arithmetic
Ex: Money, weight, height, number of teeth

37
Q

Normal distribution (bell shaped curve)

A

Mean, median and mode are equal

38
Q

Positively skewed distribution

A

Curve shifted to left, more scores in lower range

39
Q

Negatively skewed distribution

A

Curve shifted to right, more scores in higher range

40
Q

Mode

A

Value that occurs most often

41
Q

Median

A

Midpoint of data

42
Q

Mean

A

Average

43
Q

Standard deviation

A

Square root of variance
Most common and useful measure of dispersion

44
Q

R-value

A

Ranges from -1 to +1
The closer R is to 1, the stronger the relationship
The closer R is to 0, the weaker the relationship
+/- determines the direction of the relationship

45
Q

Positive correlation

A

As X increases, y increases

46
Q

Negative correlation

A

As X increases, y decreases
As X decreases, y increases

47
Q

P-Value

A

Represents probability that findings are due to chance
Used to test hypothesis
Standard of acceptability is P is less than or equal to 0.05
If P is greater than 0.05, results are not statistically significant

48
Q

Intra examiner reliability

A

Consistent performance by same investigator
Ex: consistent probe depths

49
Q

Inter examiner reliability

A

Consistent performance by different investigators when using same data collection instrument
Ex: Probe depths consistent among group of examiners

50
Q

Endemic

A

Low but constant presence of disease in geographic region
Ex: Flu

51
Q

Epidemic

A

Occurrence of disease in excess of normal in community, often occurring suddenly and rapidly
Outbreak

52
Q

Pandemic

A

Epidemic that crosses international borders and affect several countries

NBDHE (3 decks)

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