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Y2B3 - Early Clinical Experience 📘 > Community 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 > Flashcards

Community 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Flashcards

1
Q

Rational to study communication

A
  • in healthcare settings, communication takes place between HCWs with their clients and colleagues as: It is the key element in maximizing access to quality of healthcare and it must be achieved by medical students before graduation.
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2
Q

Definition of communication

A

it is a dynamic process with a double way flow in which feelings, ideas and information are expressed as messages sent, received and comprehended.

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3
Q

ID NTPP KAP

Aims of communication

A

❶ To give information.
❷ Diagnostic accuracy.
❸ To solve problem.
❹ To satisfy needs.
❺ To build trust.
❻ To reassure patient.
❼ To change knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP).

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4
Q

Elements of communication

A
  • Sender
  • Message
  • Methods and forms
  • receiver
  • Feedback
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5
Q

what is a Sender?

A

is the person who sending the message.

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6
Q

who could act as a sender?

A
  • Every person in the community could act as a sender through his job as: PHC team, medical students, school personnel and community leaders (especially in rural areas).
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7
Q

what is a Message?

A

Message (Message = Health Information) is the content of the communication act (topic of health talk).

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8
Q

what are methods of communication?

A

❶ Direct: Face to face (Personal approach).
❷ Indirect: Mass media approach.

OR could be:

❶ auditory
❷ visual
❸ audiovisual methods & role play (education by doing)

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9
Q

what are forms of communication?

A

verbal: All what is Saying or writing
Non-verbal: Movements & signs

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10
Q

Examples of verbal communications

A

❶ Language

❷ Paralanguage (vocalics):
- Quality of voice.
- Vocal interferences:
- Interruption, hesitation, silence.
- Emotional tone of voice.
- Loudness, rate, pitch of voice.
- Accent.

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11
Q

Examples of non-verbal communications

A

Body language:
- Eye contact
- Body movement

Object language:
- Dress.
- Equipment.

Space language:
- Distance.
- Forbidden zone.

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12
Q

Non-verbal communication (NVC) has different interpretations according to culture of the community

give examples:

A

❶ Setting behind a desk can reinforce barrier between health workers and community.

❷ Looking at watch or looking away may be taken as showing boredom.

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13
Q

who are the receivers?

A

Are the audiences or the target population; they should participate in the communication process and this depends on their:
- Age
- Gender
- educational level
- interest and attitude
- socio-cultural background.

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14
Q

what is Feedback?

A

It is the final stage of communication that lets the educator knows if audience understood his message

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15
Q

give examples of feedbacks

A
  • Head nodding
  • asking questions by the receiver
  • requesting or giving information related to the message.
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16
Q

what is Effect?

A

Effect of communication is the end result of communication process which may be

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17
Q

give examples of effect

A

❶ emotional (Attitude)
❷ cognitive (Knowledge)
❸ physical (Practice).

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18
Q

Criteria for effective communication (The sender)

A
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19
Q

Barriers in communication (The sender)

A
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20
Q

Criteria for effective communication (The reciever)

A
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21
Q

Barriers in communication (The reciever)

A
22
Q

Criteria for effective communication (The message)

A
23
Q

Barriers in communication (The message)

A
24
Q

Criteria for effective communication (The environment)

A
25
Q

Barriers in communication (The environment)

A
26
Q

what are types & basic rules of communication skills?

A

Verbal & Non-Verbal

27
Q

what are verbal communication skills?

A
  • Questioning Skills
  • Listening Skills
28
Q

what are types of questions?

A
  • Open-ended questions
  • Close-ended questions
  • Confirmatory questions
29
Q

Characters of Open-ended questions

A
  • It can be asked by What, Why, How, Explain Describe & Discuss.
  • It can’t be answered by ‘‘Yes’’ or ‘‘No’’ or a one-word response.
  • It is more informative than close-ended questions, because they give the opportunity for a full answer.
30
Q

give example for “Open-ended questions”

A

How do you feel about having chemotherapy?

31
Q

what are characters of “Close-ended questions”?

A
  • It can be asked by (Who, When, Where, How often, How many and Does).
  • It can be answered by ‘‘Yes’’ or ‘‘No’‘ or one word response.
  • These questions are Probing question
    to clarify & to understand.
32
Q

Give example for “Close-ended questions”

A
  • Do you mean or are you saying that? (to repeat the counselee message).
  • You definitely took 3 tablets/day? (to check accuracy)
33
Q

what are “Confirmatory questions”?

A
  • These questions are asked to confirm understanding of the
    patient.
34
Q

Give example for “Confirmatory questions”?

A

Please tell me what you understood?

35
Q

why does The health care provider listen?

A

The health care provider listens to be able to understand the problem that brings the clients to the clinic.

36
Q

what type of process is listening?

A
  • Listening is an active process that differ from hearing as it involves:

❶ Conscious effort to listen to the words, the way they are said to be aware of the feeling shown and hidden.

❷ Observation of the non-verbal messages that helps in identifying the inner feeling and check the meaning of the verbal message.

37
Q

what is the importance of non-verbal communications?

A

❶ Reinforces the verbal message.

❷ Regulates the verbal message.

❸ May replace the verbal message.

❹ May contradict the verbal message.

38
Q

what are the categories of non-verbal skills?

A
  • Body language
  • Object language
  • Space language
39
Q

examples of body language

A

as body movements, posture, facial expressions, eye contact, way of walking, personal appearance, gesture, mimics, touch, hand movements, leg movements & head nodding.

40
Q

Examples of object language

A

as dress, beard, hair and equipment.

41
Q

Examples of space language

A

as distance and forbidden zone:
Intimate (45 cm).
Personal (45-120 cm).
Social (120-360 cm).
Public (>360 cm).

42
Q

what are practical applications of communication?

A
  • Health Education
  • Breaking Bad news
  • Counselling
42
Q

what is the definition of Counseling?

A

is the process used to help people to take decision

43
Q

what are the characters of counseling?

A
44
Q

To establish a good relationship between physician and patient; rapport and communication are prerequisite.

A

…

45
Q

what is Rapport?

A
  • Rapport is the emotional element contributing to good relationship between physician and patient, e.g.

❶ The atmosphere of the waiting area.

❷ The doctor greeting to the patient.

❸ The degree of confidence the physician gain.

46
Q

what is the definition of Health Education?

A
  • is a process of transmission of health-related information to the target group aiming to
    promote health, prevent illness, cure disease & facilitate rehabilitation through voluntary adaptation of individual to healthy attitudes and behaviors.
47
Q

what are the methods of Health Education?

A

Direct & Indirect

48
Q

Direct Health Education

A
  • Face to Face approach or Personal approach in which health education directed to individual, group or community.
49
Q

Indirect Health Education

A
50
Q

Personal approach Vs. Mass media of Health education

A

Y2B3 - Early Clinical Experience 📘 (5 decks)

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