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Practical - Y2B2 - (Nutrition & Metabolism) ๐Ÿ“— > Community ๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿ‘ฆโ€๐Ÿ‘ฆ > Flashcards

Community ๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿ‘ฆโ€๐Ÿ‘ฆ Flashcards

1
Q

what is energy balance?

A
  • is the difference between your energy input or the number of calories that you put into your body (calories in) and your energy output or the number of calories you burn each day (calories out)
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2
Q

what is estimated energy requirement (EER)?

A
  • EER is defined as the average dietary energy intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in a health adult.
  • The (EER)is the intake predicted to maintain a healthy weight
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3
Q

what are Calories?

A
  • Are the units of energy where Calory approximate the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 ml of water 1ยฐC.
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4
Q

what are the factors that affect energy requirement?

A
  • body size and weight
  • Physical activity
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Climate
  • Extra needs
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5
Q

how does body size and weight affect caloric requirements?

A

Caloric requirements โ†‘ by โ†‘ body weight.

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6
Q

how does physical Activity affect caloric requirements?

A

Caloric requirements โ†‘ by โ†‘ activity

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7
Q

how does age affect caloric requirements?

A

Caloric requirements โ†“ gradually by aging.

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8
Q

how does climate affect caloric requirements?

A

Caloric requirements should be:

  • 5% lower for every 10 ยฐC above the reference temperature.
  • 3% higher for every 10 ยฐC below the reference temperature.
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9
Q

what are extra needs that affect caloric requirements?

A
  • Childhood.
  • Adolescence.
  • Pregnancy.
  • Lactation.
  • Pathological conditions.
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10
Q

How should caloric requirements be modified during pregnancy?

A

add 300cal/d more than the reference female
after second trimester

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11
Q

how should caloric requirements be modified during lactation?

A

add 650cal/d in first 6 months & 525cal/d in second 6 months

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12
Q

caloric modification for elderly people

A

aged 51 year need 2300cal/d for male& 1800 for female. Then reduce 200 cal/d/10 years more than 60 years

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13
Q

BMI

A
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14
Q

what is a quick rule to measure your caloric requirement?

A
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15
Q

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)

A
  • AMDR is expressed as percentage of total kcal.
  • (AMDR) has lower and upper boundary ; if we consume nutrients below or above this range ,there is a potential for increasing our risk for poor health
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16
Q

what is a balanced diet?

A

Is the diet which provides the body with sufficient amount of foodstuffs in proper proportions to satisfy both quantitative and qualitative body requirements.

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17
Q

how many calories is in each gram of each macronutrient?

A
  • 1 gm CHO = 4 kcal
  • 1gm Ptn=4kcal
  • 1 gm Fat= 9 kcal
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18
Q

Diet planning

A
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19
Q

what are exchange lists used for? and what are they based on?

A
  • Are used in diet planning and evaluation
  • Are based on grams of carbohydrate, protein & fat, as well as total Calories provided per food exchange
20
Q

what are groups of food in exchange lists?

A
  • Starches
  • Legumes
  • Milk
  • Meat
  • Non starchy vegetables
  • Fruit
  • Fat
  • Others
21
Q

Exchange list

A
22
Q

โ€ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุดูˆูŠุงุช

A
23
Q

โ€ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ โ€ุงู„ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠุงุช

A
24
Q

โ€ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุถุฑูˆุงุช

A
25
Q

โ€ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููˆุงูƒู‡

A
26
Q

โ€ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุจู† ูˆุงู„ุฒุจุงุฏูŠ

A
27
Q

โ€ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุญูˆู… ูˆุจุฏุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู„ุญูˆู…

A
28
Q

โ€ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู†

A
29
Q

what are the components of nutritional assessment?

A
  • Dietary and diseases history
  • Biochemical Investigations
  • Clinical Examination
  • Anthropometric measurements
30
Q

dietary and diseases history for nutritional assessment

A
  • Appetite, food habits & food preference, food allergy.
  • 24 hour food recall & dietary intake change.
  • History of GIT symptoms for > 2 weeks: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, difficult chewing or swallowing, diarrheaโ€ฆ
  • Medical history of acute or chronic diseases having relation to nutrition:
  • Medications (> 3 prescribed drugs/day)
  • Supplements & diet restrictions & its relation to nutritional requirements.
  • Surgical history affecting nutritional status.
  • Neuropsychological problems, psychological stress, live independently
31
Q

clinical examination for nutritional assessment

A

General body built: thin, obese, short, enlarged thyroid.

Physical activity: active & alert.

Skin: smooth or rough, pigmentation, pallor, subcutaneous bleeding, edema or signs of deficiency.

Eyes: brightness, Bitot spots, or vascularization, night blindness, etc.

Mouth: gingivitis, glossitis, poor dentition, bleeding gums, etc.

Abdomen: surgical scars, hepatomegaly, etc.

32
Q

biochemical investigations for nutritional assessment

A

โ€“ Blood hemoglobin.
โ€“ Level of certain nutrient in the blood as ferritin, calcium
โ€“ Serum albumen level.

33
Q

anthropometric measurements for nutritional assessment

A

1- Height & Weight
2- Relative weight (RW)
3- BMI = Weight (kg) / Height (m2)
4- Skin-fold thickness over the middle of triceps muscle
5- Arm circumference
6- Head Circumferences
7- Chest Circumference
8- Waist circumference
9- Waist Hip Ratio (WHR)
10- Gluteo-femoral ratio
11- Computer Tomography (CT) & Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MRI)

34
Q

height and weight in nutritional assessment

A
  • To be compared with the National standard growth
    monitoring curves:
  • Weight for age, weight for height, & height for age
  • Upward direction of the curve in monitoring child growth is very important.
  • Weight loss > 3Kg during last 3 months must be investigated
35
Q

what does relative weight equal?

A

Actual Body weight (kg) รท Ideal body weight X 100 (Ideal body
weight is obtained from special tables)

36
Q

categories of nutritional status according to RBW

A
  • 100% of IB W +/- 10% = normal
  • 80-90% of IB W = mild malnutrition
  • 70-80% of IBW = moderate malnutrition
  • Less than 70%of IBW =severe malnutrition
37
Q

Skinfold thickness over the middle of triceps muscle

A

(Normal)
* 20 mm in man.
* 30 mm in woman.
* > 13 mm in children.

38
Q

arm circumference in nutritional assessment

A

(Normal)
* 29.3 cm in man.
* 28.5cm in woman.
* 13cm in children under 5 years of age.

39
Q

when is a tri-colored measuring strip used in arm circumference assessment?

A

A tri-colored measuring strip can be used to identify malnutrition in children (< 5 years) without using scale or knowing the child age.

40
Q

idea of tri colored measuring strip

A

If the zero mark touches:

  • The green color, the child is well nourished.
  • The yellow color, he is moderately malnourished.
  • The red color, he is severely malnourished.
41
Q

Head and chest circumference in nutritional assessment

A
  • Head Circumferences: important in children for brain growth,
  • Chest Circumference, important in children for normal lung & respiration.
42
Q

waist circumference in nutritional assessment

A
  • 100 cm in man & 90 cm in woman
  • more than that =obesity.
43
Q

What does waist Hip ratio equal?

A

Waist circumference (cm) / Hip circumference (cm).

44
Q

when does waist-hip ration denotes central obesity?

A

It denotes central obesity if it is > 1.0 cm in man & > 0.9 cm in woman

45
Q

Gluteo-femoral ratio in nutritional assessment

A
  • Measures peripheral obesity.
  • < 0.85 in man & < 0.75 in woman
46
Q

Computer Tomography (CT) & Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MRI) in nutritional assesment

A

Scanning of abdomen for accurate estimation of visceral or central fats

Practical - Y2B2 - (Nutrition & Metabolism) ๐Ÿ“— (2 decks)

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