Communist Part Flashcards
(20 cards)
Opium war
China outlawed opium, so they called Britain to stop the trade, however Britain refused. This then creates a war. China was losing so they signed the Treaty of Nanjing Britain won indemnity-payment, the city of Hong Kong, and open five ports for foreign trade. Britain also won extraterritoriality which is the right for British to live under their own laws in India
Opium trade
China was hooked on opium so A lot of silver flowed out of China in payment for the opium
Taiping rebellion
Was caused by the hardship for Chinese peasants due to the population increase and extravagant living by the rich. So basically the Chinese peasants rebelled and they almost ended the Qing dynasty, 20 to 30 million Chinese deaths, the Kings government shared power with regional governments and commanders
Open door policy
Keep Chinese trade open to everyone on an equal basis
Boxer rebellion
The call was to drive out “foreign devils” who were polluting the land with there un/Chinese ways, strange buildings, machines, and telegraph lines. The boxes lost so Chinese conservative were forced to support westernization
Spheres of influence
Foreign nations had special economic and political advantages in these spheres of influence, they could monopolize trade, and build railroads and factories. (Imperialism- exploit with trade for own advantages)
Kowtow
A bow to the emperor which is an expected gesture in china
Revolution of 1911
Uprisings everywhere toppled the Qing dynasty
Sun yatsen
First president of the new republic and he formed the nationalist party. His three principles of the people were nationalism, democracy, and livelihood.
Nationalist party
Founded by Sun Yatsen in Guangzhou. Wanted nationalism to unify the nation and end foreign domination. They also wanted a democracy so they could have a representational government and they wanted livelihood to ensure decent living for all Chinese people (have a strong economy).
Chiang Kai-shek
He was the leader of the Nationalist army and when Yatsen died he became the leader of the nationalist party. He finally brought China under nationalist control. However there were challenges because most Chinese had no loyalty to a national state, China had no experience of democracy, and the economy was bad
Mao Zedong
Became the leader of Communists in China. He befriended peasants to gain lots of support. After communist one the Civil War they found a totalrarian state which is when the government controls every aspect of citizens lives through a single party
Long march
Chiang attacked the communist and they fled because they were greatly outnumbered the journey to get away from the nationalist is known as the long march. It was very harsh and a lot of people died so the march became a symbol of bitter hardship
Chinese civil war
Fighting between the nationalist and communist. They took a brief break from fighting to join forces and fight in World War II however after World War II the Civil War began again and the communist became winners. The Nationalist fled to Taiwan
Great Leap Forward (includes communes)
A large effort to modernize China’s industry and agriculture. Some methods to complete this was communes- organized villages to collectively produce products ordered by the government. This was a disaster food production decreased and famine becomes widespread. Peasants resisted communes and destroyed crops.
Cultural revolution
Goals: Restore revolutionary spirit and the younger generations, get rid of communist rivals and establish more order and control over criticism. Methods: youth formed red guards to catch capitalists (arrested “enemies”), labor camps, and forced confessions of “crimes”. This slowed the economy because schools and factories closed, cause problems for the people who were imprisoned, and allowed people to lose faith and chairman Mao.
Cult of personality
Is what Mao did he created the godlike imagery of himself through an excessive use of propaganda (little red book).
Deng xiaoping
Takes over the Communist Party when Mao dies.
Four modernizations (includes SEZ)
- Agriculture- the goal is to increase crop production so he created the responsibility system. Farmers now have freedom and a profit motive. the impact was a huge production increase and millions out Of poverty.
- Industry- goal is to increase production mainly the light industry which is consumer goods. The same idea of the responsibility system was used. there is also a huge increase in production and a huge increase in consumer goods
- Science and technology- the goal is to modernize and attract foreign investment. SEZ’s were created which is an area where foreign countries have special privileges for their businesses. There was a massive increase in foreign investment, China becomes a major exporter of manufactured goods, and millions r out of poverty
- Defense the coolest make the military a first-class power a lot of money and resources was poured into weapons, development, training personnel. China grows as a major willpower and East Asia superpower
Tiananmen Square massacre
The economic problems in China were finally fixed but the democracy problems were not. People protested for democratic reforms and a place called Tiananmen Square. A lot of people are there not being violent. The government orders the people to leave and they don’t so the government start shooting and killing people. lots of people die and there’s lots of international coverage
