COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES Flashcards
systematic technique employed by speakers to express their meaning when faced with a language problem or difficulty. Plans, ways, means of sharing information which are adopted to achieve a particular social, political, psychological, or linguistic purpose
Communicative Strategy
attempts by participants in a communication activity, but mainly by the speaker to express his or her ideas in a way that minimizes communication breakdown
Communicative Strategy
presents a particular topic clearly, truthfully, and saying only what is relevant
nomination
allows the audience to tune in to the topic, recall background information they have about it
nomination
constrains the response or reaction within a set of categories
restriction
restricts the topic of discussion to make it specific enough to be manageable
restriction
recognizes when and how to speak because it is one’s turn
turn-taking
involves changing from one speaker to another and needs to be sensitive to signals that show when they can speak
turn-taking
keeps the interaction going by asking questions and eliciting a response
topic control
should focus on the topic without straying into other discussions
topic control
introduces a new topic followed by the continuation of that topic
topic shifting
must be done smoothly by using known expressions that signal a change of topic
topic shifting
overcomes communication breakdown to send more comprehensible messages
repair
rephrases or repeats the words or message to be understood
repair
uses verbal and nonverbal signals to end the interaction
termination
it is used to end a conversation
termination
What are the major communicative strategies?
nomination
restriction
turn-taking
topic shifting
topic control
repair
termination
leaving the message unfinished because of language difficulties
message abandonment
not talking about the concepts that are difficult for you to express
topic avoidance
describing or paraphrasing the target object or action
circumlocution
using an alternative term to express the meaning of the target word as closely as possible
approximation
“thingy”, “what, “amu na”, “ni ano si ano”
use of all-purpose words
Creating a new English word based on what you know of the way English works,
* “Na Bea Alonzo ka na ba bes?
* “Minarcos”
* “-Dawn Zulueta mo ko”
word coinage
miming, doing gestures, making facial expressions, imitating sound to express what you want
use of nonverbal means
Translating a word or an idiom from the mother tongue to English using the structure of the first language.
* E.g. Verb-Subject-Object
literal translation
Using the word in the native language but pronounce it like English
foreignizing
using native word or expression for the English term that expresses the meaning you want
code switching or code mixing
asking for help when one does not know or forget some words, structures, or idioms
appeal for help
using of filling words to gain time to think
use of fillers or hesitation devices
All communicative strategies
nomination
restriction
turn-taking
topic shifting
topic control
repair
termination
message abandonment
topic avoidance
circumlocution
approximation
use of all-purpose words
word coinage
use of nonverbal means
literal translation
foreignizing
code switching or code mixing
appeal for help
use of fillers or hesitation devices
