Communicative Development

Question 1

Linguistic competence

Answer 1

Knowledge of language possessed by native speakers

Question 2

Communicative competence

Answer 2

Knowledge o how to use sentences appropriately in communicative interactions

Question 3

Pragmatics

Answer 3

information outside of phonology, syntax, semantics used.

Question 4

Speech act theory

Answer 4

• J. L. Austin
• Separates the content of a sentence from pragmatics of communication > intended function (speaker) + Effect (listener)

Question 5

Locutionary act

Answer 5

Linguistic form of utterance

> Phonological, semantic (lexical), syntactic. Everything we’ve focused on thus far.

Question 6

Illocutionary act

Answer 6

The speaker’s intended function/ Intentionality of the speaker.

> “It’s dark in here” –> “Turn the lights on”

Question 7

Perlocutionary act

Answer 7

Effect on the listener

Question 8

Discourse

Answer 8

Sequences of connected sentences and interchanges.
-Conversations

> Paul Grice - turn taking/cooperation

Question 9

Sociolinguistics

Answer 9

Study of how society affects language use

Question 10

Registers

Answer 10

Different styles of speech depending on social situations

> Your professor vs. your friend

Question 11

Language socialization

Answer 11

How children learn different social norms for how language is used

Question 12

Proto-imperatives

Answer 12

Get others to do things for them

> e.g. crying.
Not adult-like linguistic form.

Question 13

Proto-declaratives

Answer 13

Direct attention of others

> e.g. pointing
Not adult-like linguistic form.

Question 14

Piaget’s theory of egocentrism

Answer 14

language use (like the rest of their cognition) is centered on themselves.

Question 15

Private speech

Answer 15

Talking to onself; no listener

Question 16

Vygotsky’s theory of private speech

Answer 16

Primary function of private speech: selg-guidance through a task; Use language for purpose other than conversation.

> Not egocentric

Question 17

Topic

Answer 17

What a conversation/narrative is about

Question 18

Non-contingent responses

Answer 18

Bringing up a new topic not related to the previous conversation

Question 19

Imitative responses

Answer 19

Maintaining the current topic, but adding no new information.

Question 20

Contingent responses

Answer 20

Maintaining the current topic AND adding something new to it.

Question 21

Narrative

Answer 21

• Connected events; stories

- Monologue without a conversational partner

Question 22

Elaborative scaffolding

Answer 22

-Adults ask leading questions, moving the narrative forward.

Question 23

Repetitive scaffolding

Answer 23

Adults repeatedly ask for the same kind of information

Question 24

Adjacent utterances

Answer 24

• Given in reply to someone.
• Shows children understand turn taking

> By age 2

Question 25

Referential communication task

Answer 25

Child is asked to describe an object to a listener that s/he cannot see.

> Children do poorly, evidence for egocentrism. “Mommy’s hat”

Question 26

Child Directed Speech (CDS)

Answer 26

Piaget - if children are egocentric, they should not be able to explain things well to other children

Question 27

Register

Answer 27

By 5 years there is register adjustments

> Play-act different roles with puppets

Question 28

Scafolding

Answer 28

to elicit and maintain narrative through questions

Question 29

Grice’s Conversational Maxims

Answer 29

Quantity: Provide as much information as needed but not more
Quality: Be truthful
Relation: Be relevant
Manner: Be clear, brief

Question 30

Linguistic performance

Answer 30

the actual use of language in concrete situations.