communications final exam review Flashcards
Reasons we initiate relationships
Attraction
Proximity
Similarity
Purpose (or goals)
Social Penetration Theory
explains how self-disclosure changes as relationships move from one level to the next.
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
identifies question asking as a primary communication strategy we use to encourage in reciprocal disclosure and to reduce our levels of uncertainty about others.
Knapp’s stages of coming together
Initiation Experimenting Intensifying Integrating Bonding
Why we maintain relationships
Maintaining the existence of the relationship
Maintaining a desired state or condition in the relationship
Maintaining a satisfactory state in a relationship
Repairing a relationship in an attempt to either restore it or sustain it in a satisfactory state
Relationship maintenance strategies
Positivity, Openness, Assurances, Social networks, Sharing tasks, Mediated communication, Advice , and Humor
Conflict definition
as “an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference from the other party in achieving their goals.”
Conflict management styles
Avoidance, Competitive/Distributive, and Collaborative/Integrative
conflict components
Expressed struggle, Interdependence, goal incompatibility, Perceived scarce resources, and Interference
Deception – Interpersonal deception theory
explains the strategic choices made when engaging in deceptive communication.
Deception (how we lie, why we lie, detecting deception)
Falsification, Concealment, and Equivocation
Lying to harm others, Lying to protect self, and Lying to spare others
Third-party information, Physical Evidence, and Confessions
Embarrassment – roles and responses
Agent: we are responsible for our own embarrassment.
Recipient: we are the target of embarrassing communication.
Observer: we are bystanders to someone else’s embarrassment
Jealousy – types, issues and why jealousy occurs
Friend jealousy and family jealousy Romantic jealousy Power jealousy Activity jealousy Intimacy jealousy
Power and interpersonal influence
Compliance
Identification
Internalization
why jealousy occurs
Maintain the primary relationship.
Preserve one’s self-esteem.
Reducing uncertainty about the relationship.
Reducing uncertainty about a rival relationship.
Re-assess the relationship.
Restoring equity through retaliation.
Assessing relationship problems
Fundamental attribution error says that people tend to attribute others’ negative behaviors to internal, rather than external, causes.
Investment model
The model uses four variables to predict the continuation of a relationship. Satisfaction level Quality of alternatives Investment size Commitment
Ducks model of relationship termination
Intrapsychic Process Dyadic Process Social Process Grave Dressing Process Resurrection Process
Knapp’s stages of relationship dissolution
Differentiating Circumscribing Stagnating Avoiding Terminating
Termination strategies for different types of relationships
Positive tone messages De-escalation messages Withdrawal or avoidance Justification tactic Negative identity management
Closure and forgiveness
Closure is a level of understanding, or emotional conclusion, to a difficult life event. Forgiveness helps with finding closure.
Differences between face-to-face and CMC
Level of communication activity Nonverbal Cues Language Style Synchronicity Richness of Interaction
Initiating relationships online
Uncertainty reduction theory
Physical and Social Attraction
Maintaining relationships online
Showing positiveness
Demonstrating openness
Surveillance
Darkside of relationships online
Lack of technical knowledge Absence of social context cues Failure to employ proper online etiquette Anonymity Deceptive behavior
Levels of diversity
External level (race, sex, ethnicity) Internal level (religion, politics, sexuality) Personality (communication apprehension, affective orientation)
Co-cultures
Ethnicity
Race
Regional differences
social class
Characteristics of culture
Culture is learned
Culture is dynamic
Culture is pervasive
Communicating across cultures requires careful strategy
Impact of diversity on interpersonal relationships
knowledge
acceptance
understanding
skills
Cultural value orientations
Needs
Beliefs
Values
