Communication Strategies Flashcards
People in conversation agree to…
Share interests Share in topic related conversation Become equal participants Take turns Stay on topic Convey message clearly and concisely
Communication strategies are used to…
Facilitate conversation
Lessen conversational problems
Characteristics of conversation when one person has hearing loss
More need for clarification More opportunity for misunderstanding Disrupter turn taking Modified speaking style Inappropriate topic shifts Superficial content More interruptions
Two communication strategies used
Facilitating strategies
Repair strategies
Facilitative strategies
Try to prevent communication difficulties by influencing the: Talker Message Environment Listener
Repair strategies
Provide instruction to communication partner about how to repair breakdowns
Strategies that influence the talker
Instructional strategies:
Influence talkers behaviors
First identify behaviors and ask partner to change them
“Please slow down”
“Could you face me please”
Strategies that influence the message
Message tailoring strategies
Saying things in a certain way in order to achieve a desired result
“What did you do yesterday” -> “did you go to the beach or the mall yesterday”
Strategies that influence the environment
Constructive strategies
Designed to optimize listening environment for communication
Analyze surroundings, identify what must be modified
- turn off tv, make sure we’ll lit
Maladaptive strategies (and 4 types)
Inappropriate ways to cope with conversation breakdown cause by hearing loss
- bluffing/pretending to understand
- social withdrawal/avoidance
- dominating conversation
- being angry and hostile
2 types of strategies that influence the listeners reception of the message
Adaptive and attending strategies
Anticipatory strategies
Adaptive and attending strategies
Designed to counteract maladaptive strategies
Relaxation behaviors to reduce communication anxiety
Anticipatory strategies
Help prepare for communication interaction
Knowledge of situation and familiarity with speaker is a big help
Receptive repair strategies
Used when the listener does not understand the message - repeat, request info
With receptive repair strategies, specially ask the person to…
Rephrase Repeat Elaborate Simplify Confirm Write/sign
Stages of repair in communication breakdown
Detect breakdown Choose course of action -> Use repair strategies, disregard utterance or maladaptive strategies
Two choices when dealing with communication breakdown
repair strategies
maladaptive strategies
Most common maladaptive strategy
1 reason to bluff - inability to accept loss
Bluffing!
Expressive repair strategies
Used by children w hearing loss
- repetition of message, slower speech
- breaking utterances into shorter messages
- use of alternative communication (signing)
Most commonly used repair strategy
Asking for repetition using a non specific repair strategy (what? huh?)
This results in message being repeated which is pointless because listener more likely to precise message when reconstructed
So naturally, use least effective repair strategies.
What strategy is least disruptive to conversation
Non specific strategies -
Person takes a phantom turn (saying yeah, okay) and the person appears more cooperative in conversation
Who is more likely to use communication strategies
More likely when they are familiar w the conversational partner
Those with lower levels of conversation
Those with sudden loss
Those with minimal benefit from amplification
Conversational styles of adults with HL
Passive (withdraws, bluffs, avoids)
Aggressive (hostile, belligerent, bad attitude)
Assertive = preferred method (respectful, open, and honest)
Constellations of communication behavior
Interactive (assertive) - use cooperative conversation tactics
Non interactive (passive) - elicits negative feelings and reactions from partner
Dominating (aggressive) - make oneself center of convo to control all aspects
