Communication Strategies

Question 0

People in conversation agree to…

Answer 0

Share interests
Share in topic related conversation
Become equal participants
Take turns
Stay on topic
Convey message clearly and concisely

Question 1

Communication strategies are used to…

Answer 1

Facilitate conversation

Lessen conversational problems

Question 2

Characteristics of conversation when one person has hearing loss

Answer 2

More need for clarification
More opportunity for misunderstanding 
Disrupter turn taking
Modified speaking style
Inappropriate topic shifts 
Superficial content 
More interruptions

Question 3

Two communication strategies used

Answer 3

Facilitating strategies

Repair strategies

Question 4

Facilitative strategies

Answer 4

Try to prevent communication difficulties by influencing the: 
Talker
Message
Environment
Listener

Question 5

Repair strategies

Answer 5

Provide instruction to communication partner about how to repair breakdowns

Question 6

Strategies that influence the talker

Answer 6

Instructional strategies:
Influence talkers behaviors
First identify behaviors and ask partner to change them

“Please slow down”
“Could you face me please”

Question 7

Strategies that influence the message

Answer 7

Message tailoring strategies
Saying things in a certain way in order to achieve a desired result

“What did you do yesterday” -> “did you go to the beach or the mall yesterday”

Question 8

Strategies that influence the environment

Answer 8

Constructive strategies
Designed to optimize listening environment for communication
Analyze surroundings, identify what must be modified

• turn off tv, make sure we’ll lit

Question 9

Maladaptive strategies (and 4 types)

Answer 9

Inappropriate ways to cope with conversation breakdown cause by hearing loss

• bluffing/pretending to understand
• social withdrawal/avoidance
• dominating conversation
• being angry and hostile

Question 10

2 types of strategies that influence the listeners reception of the message

Answer 10

Adaptive and attending strategies

Anticipatory strategies

Question 11

Adaptive and attending strategies

Answer 11

Designed to counteract maladaptive strategies

Relaxation behaviors to reduce communication anxiety

Question 12

Anticipatory strategies

Answer 12

Help prepare for communication interaction

Knowledge of situation and familiarity with speaker is a big help

Question 13

Receptive repair strategies

Answer 13

Used when the listener does not understand the message - repeat, request info

Question 14

With receptive repair strategies, specially ask the person to…

Answer 14

Rephrase
Repeat
Elaborate 
Simplify
Confirm
Write/sign

Question 15

Stages of repair in communication breakdown

Answer 15

Detect breakdown 
Choose course of action -> 
Use repair strategies, 
disregard utterance or 
maladaptive strategies

Question 16

Two choices when dealing with communication breakdown

Answer 16

repair strategies

maladaptive strategies

Question 17

Most common maladaptive strategy

Answer 17

1 reason to bluff - inability to accept loss

Bluffing!

Question 18

Expressive repair strategies

Answer 18

Used by children w hearing loss

• repetition of message, slower speech
• breaking utterances into shorter messages
• use of alternative communication (signing)

Question 19

Most commonly used repair strategy

Answer 19

Asking for repetition using a non specific repair strategy (what? huh?)

This results in message being repeated which is pointless because listener more likely to precise message when reconstructed

So naturally, use least effective repair strategies.

Question 20

What strategy is least disruptive to conversation

Answer 20

Non specific strategies -

Person takes a phantom turn (saying yeah, okay) and the person appears more cooperative in conversation

Question 21

Who is more likely to use communication strategies

Answer 21

More likely when they are familiar w the conversational partner

Those with lower levels of conversation
Those with sudden loss
Those with minimal benefit from amplification

Question 22

Conversational styles of adults with HL

Answer 22

Passive (withdraws, bluffs, avoids)

Aggressive (hostile, belligerent, bad attitude)

Assertive = preferred method (respectful, open, and honest)

Question 23

Constellations of communication behavior

Answer 23

Interactive (assertive) - use cooperative conversation tactics

Non interactive (passive) - elicits negative feelings and reactions from partner

Dominating (aggressive) - make oneself center of convo to control all aspects