Communication & Network Sec

Question 1

1. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol):

Answer 1

• Definition: A networking protocol used to map an IP address to a physical MAC address on a local network.

Question 2

2. API (Application Programming Interface):

Answer 2

• Definition: A set of rules and protocols that allows different software applications to communicate and interact with each other.

Question 3

3. Bandwidth:

Answer 3

• Definition: The maximum data transfer rate or capacity of a network connection, often measured in bits per second (bps).

Question 4

4. Bluetooth:

Answer 4

• Definition: A wireless technology standard for short-range communication between devices, commonly used for connecting peripherals like headphones and keyboards to smartphones and computers.

Question 5

5. CSMA/CA and CSMA/CD:

Answer 5

• Definition: CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) and CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) are network access methods used to manage shared communication channels and prevent collisions.

Question 6

6. DNS (Domain Name System):

Answer 6

• Definition: A system used to translate human-readable domain names into IP addresses, making it easier to locate resources on the internet.

Question 7

7. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol):

Answer 7

• Definition: A network protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a local network.

Question 8

8. FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface):

Answer 8

• Definition: A high-speed, fiber optic-based network technology used for data transmission over local and wide-area networks.

Question 9

9. Frame:

Answer 9

• Definition: A fixed-size data structure used in networking to encapsulate and transmit data over a network, often containing headers and trailers for routing and error checking.

Question 10

10. Gateway Device:

Answer 10

• Definition: A device that connects different networks and facilitates data exchange between them, often serving as a bridge between different protocols or technologies.

Question 11

11. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol):

Answer 11

• Definition: A network protocol used for error reporting and diagnostic functions in IP networks, including ping and traceroute.

Question 12

12. IPv4 and IPv6:

Answer 12

• Definition: Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) are addressing schemes used for identifying devices on the internet. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses to accommodate the growing number of connected devices.

Question 13

13. LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol):

Answer 13

• Definition: A protocol used to access and manage directory information services, often used in authentication and user management.

Question 14

14. Media Access Control (MAC):

Answer 14

• Definition: A unique hardware address assigned to each network interface card (NIC) for identifying devices on a network.

Question 15

15. Modem:

Answer 15

• Definition: A device that modulates and demodulates digital data to transmit it over analog communication lines, often used for connecting to the internet via phone lines or cable.

Question 16

16. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First):

Answer 16

• Definition: A routing protocol used in IP networks to determine the best path for data transmission by calculating the shortest path tree

Question 17

17. OSI Layers 1-7:

Answer 17

• Definition: The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model defines seven layers, each responsible for specific functions in networking, from physical transmission (Layer 1) to application services (Layer 7).

Question 18

18. POP3 and IMAP:

Answer 18

• Definition: POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3) and IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) are email retrieval protocols used by email clients to access and manage email messages on servers.

Question 19

19. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol):

Answer 19

• Definition: A protocol used for network management and monitoring, allowing devices to communicate their status and configuration to a central management system.

Question 20

20. SDN (Software-Defined Networking) and SD-WAN (Software-Defined Wide Area Network):

Answer 20

• Definition: SDN is an approach that centralizes network management and control using software, while SD-WAN is an extension of SDN, specifically designed to manage wide area networks with agility and efficiency.

Question 21

21. TCP and 3-way handshake:

Answer 21

• Definition: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented protocol used in data transmission. The 3-way handshake is a process that establishes a reliable connection between sender and receiver.

Question 22

22. Wi-Fi Protocols (802.11 xx):

Answer 22

• Definition: A series of wireless networking standards designated by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), such as 802.11n and 802.11ac, each specifying different features and data transfer rates for Wi-Fi networks.

Question 23

23. Token Ring:

Answer 23

• Definition: A network topology and access method where devices access the network by passing a token from one device to another, preventing collisions.

Question 24

24. Topology:

Answer 24

• Definition: The physical or logical arrangement of devices and connections in a network, such as star, bus, ring, or mesh topologies.