Communication Models Flashcards
It provides us with visual representation of the different aspects of a communication situation.
Models of Communication
What are the 3 Categories of communication model?
Linear Models of Communication
Interactive Models of Communication
Transactional Models of Communication
What are the major models of communication under the linear model?
Aristotle’s communication model
Lasswell’s communication model
The Shannon-Weaver communication model
Berlo’s S-M-C-R communication model
What are the major models of communication under the Interactive model?
The Osgood-Schramm communication model
The Westley and Maclean communication model
What are the major models of communication under the Transactional model?
Barlund’s transactional communication model
Dance’s helical communication model
They only look at one-way communication.
Linear Model of Communication
They analyze two-way communication.
Interactive Model of Communication
They illustrate two-way communication where the message gets more complex as the communication event progress.
Transactional Model of Communication
It is the oldest communication model that dates back to 300 BC, which primarily focuses on the sender as the only active member, whereas the audience is passive.
Aristotle’s Communication Model
What are the main 3 elements of Aristotle’s model?
Ethos
Pathos
Logos
It defines the credibility of the speaker.
Ethos
It connects the speaker with the audience through different emotions (emotional connection).
Pathos
It signifies logic/ it needs to follow the rules of logic.
Logos
Under Aristotle’s model, what are the 5 components of a communication situation?
Speaker
Speech
Occasion
Target Audience
Effect
It is the transmission of a message with the effect as the result. If any of the elements change, the effect also changes.
Lasswell’s Communication Model
What are the QUESTIONS regarding the main elements of Lasswell’s model?
Who
What
What Channel
To whom
With what effect
What are the main components of Lasswell’s model?
Communicator
Message
Medium
Audience/ Receiver
Effect
It is a mathematical communication concept that proposes that communication is a linear, one-way process that can be broken into 5 key concepts.
The Shannon-Weaver Communication Model
What are the main elements of the Shannon-Weaver communication model?
Sender
Encoder
Channel
Decoder
Receiver
They were the first to introduce the role of noise in the communication process.
Shannon and Weaver
It suggests communication is the transfer of information between 4 basic steps or key elements.
Berlo’s SMCR Communication Model
What are the steps under the Berlo’s SMCR Model?
Source
Message
Channel
Receiver
What are the main elements of interactive communication models?
Sender
Message
Receiver
Feedback
Field of experience
What are the 3 steps in the process of communication under Osgood-Schramm Interactive Model?
Encoding
Decoding
Interpreting
What are the main elements of the Westley and Maclean communication model?
Environment (X)
Sensory Experience (X1)
Source/ Sender (A)
The object of the orientation of the source (X2)
Receiver (B)
The object of the orientation of the receiver (X3)
Feedback (F)
Gatekeepers (C)
Opinion Leaders
Transactional Models introduced the roles of:
Social
Relational
Cultural Context
What are the main elements of transactional communication models?
Encoding
Decoding
Communicators
The Message
The Channel
Noise
Under the Barlund’s Transactional model, what are the three curs in impacting our message?
Public Cues (Environmental cues)
Private Cues (Personal thoughts and background)
Behavioral Cues (Person’s behavior; verbal and nonverbal)
What are the elements of Dance’s Helical Communication Model?
Feedback
Response
Interpretation
Initiation
What acts as the added (background) element that usually distracts from the original message?
Noise
What are the underlying aids of Source and Receiver? (Berlo’s SMCR Model)
Communication Skills
Attitudes
Knowledge
Social System
Culture
What are the key factors of the message?
Content
Elements
Treatment
Structure
Code
Channel identifies our senses such as:
Hearing
Seeing
Touching
Smelling
Tasting
These models are used in internet-based and mediated communication such as telephone conversations, letters, etc.
Interactive Models of Communication
What represents a person’s culture, past experiences, and personal history.
Field of Experience
It is a circular model of communication, in which messages go in two directions between encoding and decoding.
The Osgood-Schramm Communication Model
What model is useful for describing synchronous, interpersonal communication, but less suitable for cases with little or no feedback?
The Osgood-Schramm Communication Model
What are the 4 main principles of Osgood-Schramm Communication Model?
Communication is circular
Communication is equal and reciprocal
The message requires interpretation
3 steps process: Encoding, Decoding, Interpreting
What model suggests that the communication process does not start with the source/sender, but rather with environmental factors?
The Westley and Maclean Communication Model
It refers to the background, culture, and beliefs of the sender and the receiver of messages.
Object of orientation
These models view communication as a cooperative process in which communicators co-create the process of communication, thereby influencing its outcome and effectiveness.
Transactional Models of Communication
What communication model explores interpersonal, immediate-feedback communication?
Barlund’s Transactional Model
What communication model explores interpersonal, immediate-feedback communication?
Barlund’s Transactional Model
It is a circular process and multi-layered feedback system between the sender and the receiver.
Barlund’s Transactional Model
According to this model, with every cycle of communication, we expand our circle. Therefore, each communication encounter is different from the previous one because communication never repeats itself.
Dance’s Helical Communication Model
According to this communication model, the feedback we get from the other party involved influences our next statement and we become more knowledgable with every new cycle.
Dance’s Helical Model
In his book Introduction to Communication Studies”, he defined noise as: “Anything that is added to the signal between its transmission and reception that is not intended by the source.”
John Fiske
In his book Introduction to Communication Studies”, he defined noise as: “Anything that is added to the signal between its transmission and reception that is not intended by the source.”
John Fiske
