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Computer Science > Communication and networking > Flashcards

Communication and networking Flashcards

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1
Q

Network

A

group of devices connected together to communicate with each other and share resources

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2
Q

LAN

A

Local Area Network - network that connects devices that are located in a small geographical area

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3
Q

WAN

A

Wide Area Network - when devices are connected across a wider geographical area

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4
Q

Physical bus topology

A

consists of a single, central cable (called backbone) that connects all devices

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5
Q

Star topology

A

uses a central device, such as a hub or switch, to interconnect devices

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6
Q

MAC address

A

Media Access Control address - hardware address that uniquely identifies each node on a network

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7
Q

Ethernet

A

a family of related protocols rather than a single protocol

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8
Q

Physical topology

A

The physical arrangement of connections that describes a network’s physical layout and shape

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9
Q

Logical topology

A

describes the data-flow patterns in a network

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10
Q

Asynchronous transmission

A

data transmitted when it is ready to be sent without being synchronised to a clock signal - instead uses start and stop bits

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11
Q

Serial transmission

A

data is transmitted one bit at a time down a single wire

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12
Q

Parallel transmission

A

transmission of several bits at a time using multiple parallel wires

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13
Q

Bit rate

A

number of bits transmitted per second

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14
Q

Baud rate

A

rate at which the signal changes

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15
Q

Bandwidth

A

maximum rate of data transfer across a communication channel

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16
Q

Latency

A

delay from the time a signal is sent to the time the signal is received

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17
Q

Synchronous transmission

A

data transmission method in which a digital signal is synchronised with a clock pulse

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18
Q

Protocol

A

set of rules that determine communication between devices

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19
Q

CSMA/CA

A

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance - a protocol for carrier transmission in wireless LANs

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20
Q

SSID

A

Service Set Identifier- sequence of characters that uniquely names a wireless LAN

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21
Q

Internet

A

a global network of interconnected networks that communicate using a common set of standards and protocols

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22
Q

Uniform Resource Locator(s) (URL)

A

the full address for an Internet resource

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23
Q

Internet registrars

A

they ensure that a particular domain name is only used by one organisation, + hold records of all existing website names

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24
Q

Internet registries

A

(five) global organisations responsible for the allocation of IP addresses

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25
Q

Domain name

A

identifies the area or domain that an internet resource resides in

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26
Q

Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDN)

A

the complete address of an internet host/server - includes host server name e.g. www, mail or ftp (web, mail, or ftp server)

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27
Q

Router

A

networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks

28
Q

Packet switching

A

transfer of small ‘packets’ of data across various networks - allows for faster/more efficient data transfer

29
Q

Routing tables

A

set of rules in routers used to decide where data packets will be directed

30
Q

Firewall

A

a security checkpoint designed to prevent unauthorised access between two networks - monitors both incoming and outgoing traffic

31
Q

Stateful inspection

A

continuously monitoring incoming and outgoing traffic after connection established - analyses packet types by looking inside payload and checks for suspicious activity

32
Q

Connection table

A

keeps track of all the conversations going on between the trusted and untrusted networks

33
Q

Proxy server

A

sits between the client devices and firewalls, providing anonymity to clients by keeping their true IP addresses hidden

34
Q

Symmetric encryption

A

uses same key for both encryption and decryption

35
Q

Asymmetric encryption

A

uses a related set of keys: one private and one public

36
Q

Authentication

A

action of verifying the identity of a user or process

37
Q

Digital signature

A

a mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital messages or documents - guarantees integrity of a message

38
Q

Digital certificate

A

an electronic document that authenticates a message sender or website

39
Q

IP address

A

a unique numerical address that identifies a host computer or network node trying to communicate over IP on a network

40
Q

Edge router

A

point where router connects to the internet/where an internet connection is established

41
Q

Subnet mask

A

a 32-bit number created by setting host bits to all 0s and network bits to all 1s

42
Q

Subnet

A

subdivisions of networks that are treated logically as separate networks - connected by routers

43
Q

Non-routable addresses

A

cannot be moved on by internet routers

44
Q

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

A

dynamically assigns private (non-routable) IP addresses + other configuration options to devices in a network

45
Q

Post forwarding

A

technique that allows remote computers to connect to a specific computer/service within a private LAN

46
Q

Network Access Device (NAD)

A

a combined device that provides a modem and router to connect to internet, as well as an Ethernet and WAPs so that multiple devices on LAN can share connection

47
Q

TCP/IP

A

a set of rules used to format a message so it can be sent over a network - each layer provides specific function within transmission of message

48
Q

Encapsulation

A

taking data from layer above in protocol stack and placing it in an envelope, writing some additional info on envelope then passing it to layer below

49
Q

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A

keeps track of each generated segment and assigns sequence numbers (added to segment header)

50
Q

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A

used across internet for especially time-sensitive transmissions such as video playback or DNS lookups

51
Q

HTTP Secure (HTTPS)

A

encrypts data exchanged between client and server

52
Q

Post Office Protocol (POP3)

A

downloads emails onto client device and deletes them from server

53
Q

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)

A

creates copies of email(s) on a local client device and synchronises any deletion on both client and server

54
Q

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

A

transfers emails from client device to linked mail server

55
Q

Application Programming Interface (API)

A

a set of functions and protocols that clients can use

56
Q

Client-server model

A

paradigm where providers of resources are designated as servers and resource requesters are designated as clients

57
Q

Sandbox

A

an environment that isolates code so that it can’t have access to, or affect, other parts of the system

58
Q

Thin-client

A

a device that has limited main memory, limited secondary storage and only basic processing capabilities

59
Q

De jure standards

A

standards that are regulated by official bodies

60
Q

De facto standards

A

standards that arise through popular use but are not managed or regulated

61
Q

JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)

A

lightweight format for storing and transporting data - often used when data is sent from a server to a webpage

62
Q

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

A

used for storing, transmitting and reconstructing arbitrary data

63
Q

Schema

A

a type of metadata that specifies, and therefore constrains the structure of the XML file

64
Q

CRUD

A

Create, Retrieve, Update, Delete - represents the four basic operations relating to data stored in files/databases

65
Q

REST

A

Representational State Transfer - an architecture style for developing web services that specify the use of distinct HTTPs for all four CRUD operations

66
Q

Websocket

A

protocol that is an open standard for developing real-time web applications

67
Q

Thick-client

A

opposite of thin-client - high performance and storage

Computer Science (10 decks)

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