Communication and Culture (Start kayo sa nature hanggang explanation essay)) Flashcards
varied/variety
Diverse/Diversity
language, social norms and behavior, religion, beliefs, rituals, ceremonies, laws, habits, works of art, cuisine and others.
Culture
word that describes a society that contains several cultural or ethnic groups
Multicultural
societies can be found in many countries, particularly in urban areas with high levels of immigration and cultural diversity.
Cross-cultural
describes communities where there is a deep understanding and respect for all cultures.
Intercultural society
International or Global language
English
refers to the differences in the English language that emerge as it is used in various contexts across the world.
World Englishes (WE) or Varieties of English
USA, UK, Australia, Canada, Ireland and New Zealand
Inner Circle with ENL (English as a native language)
- Philippines, India, Singapore, Bangladesh, Kenya, Ghana, Malaysia, Pakistan, among others
Outer Circle with ESL (English as a second language)
China, Japan, Taiwan, Egypt, Israel, South America, Thailand, among others.
Expanding Circle with EFL (English as a foreign language)
- “frozen” in time and content
- RARELY or NEVER changes.
- e.g. the Pledge of Allegiance, the Lord’s Prayer, the Preamble to the US Constitution, the Alma Mater, a bibliographic reference, laws.
Static Register
- used in formal settings and is one-way in nature.
*follows a commonly accepted format.
Examples:
- Sermons, rhetorical statements and questions, speeches, pronouncements made by judges, announcements.
Formal Register
- standard form of communications.
- Users engage in a mutually accepted structure of communication.
- professional discourse.
Examples:
- communications between a superior and a subordinate
- when strangers meet
- counselor and client
- doctor and patient
- teacher and student
- lawyer and client
- lawyer and judge
Consultative Register
- informal language used by peers and friends.
- “group” language.
- Slang, vulgarities and colloquialisms are normal.
- One must be a member to engage in this register.
- e.g. buddies, teammates, chats and emails, and blogs, and letters to friends.
Casual Register
- Private communication.
- Reserved for close family members or intimate people.
- e.g. husband and wife, boyfriend and girlfriend, siblings, parents and children.
Intimate Register
- To understand the relationship between culture and communication.
- Understand the place of communication in culture.
Culture & Communication
- How people from different cultures communicate among themselves
- How communication differs among cultures
- How communication is similar among cultures
COMMUNICATION CONTEXT
What are the different contexts influence expectations, meaning and actions.
- Personal context
- Cultural context
- Physical context
- Social context
- Psychological context
- background of both the sender and the receiver of the message:
- education, religion, socioeconomic status, marital status, and beliefs that greatly influence what and how they communicate.
Personal Context
- beliefs, value systems, guiding principles, and assumptions based on one’s race, ethnicity, age, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, and religion within which communication happens.
Cultural context
- refers to the environment where communication takes place like hallway, market, street, etc. Within the environment, other factors such as noise, people, temperature, size of the space will shape communication (DeVito, 2014)
Physical context
-relationship that exists between the sender and the receiver.
Social context
- emotional feelings of the participants
- opinions, judgements, prejudices, attitudes, and perceptions towards each other which can play part in the transmission of messages.
Psychological context
- Using a different language
- Lack of shared knowledge, beliefs and cultural diversity
- Having difficulty to arrive at the correct inference or interpretation of meanings
- Results of intercultural miscommunication and misunderstanding- wrong interpretation of the verbal and non-verbal code.
Give the challenges of Intercultural Communication
