Communication

Question 1

communication process

Answer 1

The steps between a source and a receiver that result in the transfer and understanding of meaning

Question 2

encoding

Answer 2

The encoding of a thought is a part of the mental process before delivering a message to someone. The message is the actual physical product of the sender’s encoding.

Question 3

decoding

Answer 3

The decoding of a message is done by the receiver, which is a step in which the receiver translates the symbols and message into an understandable form.

Question 4

noise

Answer 4

Represents communication barriers that distort the clarity of the message, such as perceptual problems, information overload, semantic difficulties, or cultural differences.

Question 5

channel of communication

Answer 5

The medium through which a message travels.

Question 6

formal chanel

Answer 6

Communication channels established by an organization to transmit messages related to the professional activities of members.

Question 7

informal chanels

Answer 7

Communication channels that are created spontaneously and that emerge as responses to individual choices.

Question 8

channel richness

+ what are examples of low channel richness and high channel richness.

Answer 8

The amount of information that can be transmitted during communication episode. Face-to-face score highest in channel richness. Formal reports, memos, letters and emails have low channel richness.
Rich channels have the ability to: handle multiple cues simultaneously, facilitate rapid feedback, and be very personal.

Question 9

filtering

Answer 9

A sender’s manipulation of information so that it will be seen more favourably by the receiver. Comes in opposition with selective perception, which is done by the receiver.

Question 10

selective perception

Answer 10

Receivers in the communication process selectively see and hear based on their needs, motivations, experience, background, and other personal characteristics. Receivers also project their interests and expectations into communications as they decode them.

Question 11

information overload

Answer 11

A condition in which information inflow exceeds an individual’s processing capacity. Individuals have a finite capacity for processing data.

Question 12

nonverbal communication

Answer 12

Messages conveyed through body movements, facial expressions, and the physical distance between the sender and the receiver.

Question 13

downward communication

Answer 13

Is a type of communication that flows from one level of a group or organization to a lower level. Group leaders and managers use this approach to assign goals, provide job instructions, inform employees of policies and procedures, identify problems that need attention, and offer feedback.

Question 14

upward communication

Answer 14

Is a type of communication that flows to a higher level in the group or organization. It’s used to provide feedback to higher-ups, inform them of progress toward goals, and relay current problems. Upwards communication keeps managers aware of how employees feel about their jobs, co-workers and the organization in general.

Question 15

lateral communication

Answer 15

Is when communication occurs among members of the same work group, among members of work groups at the same level, among managers at the same level, or among any horizontally equivalent employees.

Question 16

formal communication networks.

Answer 16

Task related communications that follow the authority chain.

Question 17

informal communication networks

Answer 17

Communications that flow along social and relational lines. (ex: grapevine or word-of-mouth)

Question 18

the grapevine

Answer 18

The organization’s most common informal network

Question 19

high context-cultures

Answer 19

Cultures that rely heavily on nonverbal and subtle situational cues in communication.

Question 20

low-context cultures

Answer 20

Cultures that rely heavily on word to convey meaning in communication.