Communication Flashcards
Why is communication important?
Good communication skills are critical to contributing to performance enhancement. Also help achieve personal growth of sport and exercise participants.
Purposes for communication-
Persuasion, evaluation, information, motivation, problem solving. Communication may incorporate several purposes at once.
Communication contains
Content (what is said) as well and relational (how we felt about someone’s message) information. She talked about content and process… i.e. your sweetheart says have a good day vs Starbucks. Intention
Types of communication, communication occurs 2 ways-
Interpersonal communication (at least two people in a meaningful exchange)
Non-verbal communication
Intra-personal communication (self-talk, the communication we have WITH ourselves)
Interpersonal communication
Sender intends to affect the response of a particular person or persons. The message or content may be received by the person for whom is was intended, by other people, or both. Sometimes the message gets distorted; so the sender’s intended message does not get transmitted.
Intra-personal communication
“self-talk”
Inner dialouge with ourselves; helps to shape and predict how we act and perform. Can affect motivation and behavior.
Also includes non-verbal
Non-verbal examples from class
Eye Contact Proximics Kinetics/ kinesthetics Paralinguistic/tone Gesture Pitch Facial expressions Body Language.. ---The way we carry ourselves says something. Being observant- cant communicate across field
Non-verbal communication, text
Critical in imparting and receiving information. A part of intra-personal communication. 50-70% communication is non-verbal.
Physical appearance, posture, gestures, body position, touch, facial expression, voice characteristics
Process, Model for communication
Stimulus= message, encoded by sender, channeled through/ how it’s transmitted; body language, eye-contact, tone of voice. It is received and then perceived/ decoded by listener. “Way to hustle out there”
placing yourself in the athlete’s shoes/ in the shoes of someone working toward something very important to them.
Strategies for Improving communication
- Convey Rationales
- Express empathy, not sympathy: place yourself in the athlete’s shoes/ in the shoes of someone working toward something very important to them.
- Use a communication style that is comfortable for you: if you are not being yourself, you are probably not conveying the message you wanted to convey.
- Use positive approach, sandwich/Oreo approach.
- Acknowledge people and the greetings of others.
- Be approachable, you are in a position of power and can make a difference
- Be consistent in administering discipline.
Sending messages effectively
- Be clear and concise. Particularly for those things that are really important. Not long/drawn out, no confusion
- Pick the right time and place to deliver the verbal messages, give them the opportunity to respond appropriately.
- Enhance trust with the person receiving the message to ensure messages are appropriately interpreted.
- Physical appearance, posture, gestures are important components of nonverbal messages.
- DO NOT underestimate the importance of nonverbal messages; 50-70% is non-verbal, they are harder to hide, and they are powerful.
Sending messages effectively, continued
Be direct, own your message, be complete and specific, be clear and consistent. State your needs and feelings clearly. Separate fact from fiction. Focus on one thing at a time. Deliver messages immediately. Avoid hidden agendas. Be supportive.
Sending messages effectively, continued
Be consistent with your nonverbal messages. Reinforce with repetition. Make messages appropriate to the receiver’s frame of reference. Look for feedback that your message was accurately interpreted.
Receiving messages effectively
Active listening! Very important part of our job- ask questions, paraphrase, attend to main and supporting ideas, acknowledge and respond, give appropriate feedback, pay attention to speaker’s TOTAL communication
Keys to active listening
Mentally prepare to listen, don’t mistake hearing for listening, paraphrase what the speaker said.
Really intentional, active process, taking in everything.. long pauses, body positioning and understanding where they are coming from.
Supportive listening
Way to show empathy, a powerful tool. Communicate that you are WITH the speaking and value his or her messages.
Keys to supportive listening
Use supportive behaviors, use confirming behaviors using both verbal and non-verbal behaviors.
Aware listening
She says this is kinda “weird.” “It is where you are talking and also listing to how people are interpreting what you are saying.” Not being defensive- “I think you misinterpreted what I was trying to say- that was not my intent; this is what I meant to say…”
Realize that people react individually or differently to the way you communicate.
***She says active listening is really them most important to remember.
Tips for Aware listening
Be flexible
Be alert for barriers and breakdowns in communication
Communication Breakdown
Sender failures; poorly transmitted messages (ambiguity, inconsistency)
Receiver Failures; failure to listen carefully (misinterpretation, pentagon- receiver draws hexagon, etc)
Can go all directions
Barriers to effective communication
Receiver not paying attention to sender
Lack of trust between individuals
Differences in socialization* and heredity. She is more concerned with socialization- generational things can be different. In family culture, national culture in the way you listen and talk to people, the way you indicate that you are listening. Find other means of communication.
Differences in mental set of perception between people
**what does it mean to participate appropriately in class? What is expected, active listening, showing they are engages,m paying attention, not sleeping, etc. Some students, due to socialization, might not be polite to raise hand or speak out.
Other barriers to effective communication
Embarrassment, causes interference
Tendency to tell people what they want to hear
Difficulties in expression or reluctance to communicate
**Belief that silence is safer. She talks particularly about this, often times when people are being quite/silent, hard to reach in and mention that they are shut down. Step in, that’s part of the goal.
Inconsistency between action and words
Benefits of communication training
Improved team morale
Better cohesion
Enhanced performance
**soccer team, penalty goal kicker is blindfolded and teammates have to verbalize where to kick. Helped to see who are better listeners as well.
Things you can talk to athletes about
Don’t interrupt
Confront issues right away
*don’t make assumptions about what others are thinking
Ask for help from teammates
Voice opinions to those who intimidate you
make eye contact when communicating
Confrontation
Not necessarily bad; when it is used well and you care comfortable with it, you can give messages that won’t come across as being negative. Communication training can increase one’s effectiveness in confrontation
When to use, or avoid, confrontation
Don’t confront someone when you are angry.
Do confront someone when you are in control, can express your feelings constructively, and have a well-thought-out reason for doing so.
Key points in knowing how to confront
All parties’ needs are legitimate and must be attended to.
There are enough resources to meet all needs.
Within every individual lies untapped power and capacity, and people in conflict know what they need.
Process is as important as content- provides direction and focus.
Everyone is right from their own perspective.
Solutions/ resolutions are temporary states of balance and are not absolute/timeless.
DO’s and don’ts of confrontation
DO convey that you value your relationship with that person.
DO go slowly and think about what you want to communicate
DO try and understand the other person’s position
DO listen carefully to what the other person is trying to communicate.
dos and DON’Ts of confrontation
DON’T communicate the solution- focus on the problem
DON’T stop communicating
DON’T use put-downs
DON’T rely on nonverbal hints to communicate your thoughts
Key factors involved in the coach-athlete relationship
Closeness is the emotional tone that coaches and athletes experience; terms such as liking, trust, and respect indicate the level of closeness.
Co-orientation is a common frame of reference; sharing goals, values, and expectations; open communication facilitates the development of co-orientation
Complementarity: interactions in which the coach and athlete are engages. This reflects the coaches and athletes acts of cooperation.
Diversity, having hard conversations i.e. losing weight-
She says we have a hard time talking about it, so many things that could potentially happen to us. She is a WHITE woman and will ALWAYS BE WHITE, never black, or Asian and that identity is solid. She will get older, she may get injured, fatter, thinner, disabled. Hard to talk about because it can happen to us. We need to practice hard conversations…
Steps of Constructive criticism
describe feelings and take responsibility for your emotions.
Describe your thoughts about the action or event that concerned you
Describe the tangible reason why the behavior affects you
Describe what you want done
Samwhich approach to effective communication, aka OREO
A positive statement
A future-oriented instruction
A compliment
Positive statement: “Sally, you are really working hard out there.”
Future-oriented statement: “Next time try to slow down and not get ahead of the music.”
Compliment: “You’re getting there; keep up the good work.”
