Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control Flashcards
What are the types of direct contact in transmission of diseases?
- Person to person
- Mother to baby
- Respiratory
- Droplets (larger than respiratory)
- Direct contact with the lesions/ touching
Give examples of diseases transmitted from person to person.
Gonorrhoea, chlamydia
Give examples of diseases transmitted from mother to baby.
Hep B, HIV
Give examples of diseases transmitted via respiratory route.
Chicken pox, mumps
Give examples of diseases transmitted via droplets.
TB
Give examples of diseases transmitted via direct contact with the lesions.
Impetigo, ringworm, scabies
What are the types of indirect contact?
- Airborne (small droplets that can get airborne and float around in the air)
- Contaminated food and water
- Animal to person
- Insect bites
- Soil, environment
Give an example of airborne transmitted diseases.
Measles
Give examples of diseases transmitted via contaminated food and water.
Cholera, Hep A
Give an example of disease transmitted from animals to humans.
Rabies
Give examples of diseases transmitted via insect bites.
Malaria, Lyme disease, dengue fever, zika virus
Give examples of diseases transmitted via soil or environment.
Legionnaires’ disease
What makes the disease a public health concern?
High mortality- Rabies
High morbidity- Meningococcal disease, legionnaires’ disease, E coli
Highly contagious- Measles, influenza
Expensive to treat- HIV
Effective interventions available- Hepatitis B
NOT
Obesity, common cold, allergic bronchitis, angular stomatitis, urinary tract infection
Define disease notification.
If a registered medical practitioner becomes aware, or suspects that a patient is suffering from a notifiable disease or food poisoning, he shall send to the proper officer, a certificate.
Facts on disease notification.
The proper officer is usually the consultant communicable disease control
Have to notify all suspected disease, not after it is confirmed
Notify via written notification to be received within 3 days. If urgent, notify via phone
STIs do not need to be notified this way except for Hepatitis B. The rest will be notified via GUM
List of notifiable disease.
Acute encephalitis Acute infectious hepatitis Acute meningitis Acute poliomyelitis Anthrax Botulism Brucellosis Cholera Diphtheria Enteric fever (typhoid or paratyphoid fever) Food poisoning Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) Infectious bloody diarrhoea Invasive group A streptococcal disease Legionnaires’ disease Leprosy Malaria Measles Meningococcal septicaemia Mumps Plague Rabies Rubella Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Scarlet fever Smallpox Tetanus Tuberculosis Typhus Viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) Whooping cough Yellow fever
Define surveillance.
The continuous monitoring of the frequency and the distribution of disease and death due to infections that can be transmitted from human to human or from animals, water or the environment to humans and monitoring risk factors for those infections.
What are the objectives of surveillance?
To establish the baseline rate
To allow identification of outbreaks
To monitor efficacy of immunisation programmes
What are the roles of CCDC?
Surveillance
Prevention
Control
Define cluster.
An aggregation of cases which may or may not be linked
What are the features of suspected outbreak?
- Occurrence of more cases of disease than normally expected within a specific place or group of people over a given period of time
- 2 or more cases which are linked through common exposure, personal characteristics, time or location
- A single case of a rare or serious disease such as diphtheria, rabies, viral haemorrhagic fever or polio
