Communicable Diseases (Peds 4th Semester ABAC) Flashcards
Incubation Period
Interval between infection or exposure and development of symptoms.
Prodromal
Interval between early manifestations and when the actual disease is evident
Communicability
Time during which an infectious agent may be transferred directly or indirectly from an infected person.
What is the number one way to prevent the spread of diseases?
Hand-washing!
Chicken Pox
Begins as macules that progress to papules, vesicles, and then crusts. Virus stays within the body for life and can reappear as Shingles (elderly) LOW grade fever, malaise, anorexia, EXTREMELY PRURITIC SKIN eruptions (macules, papules, vesicles, crusts) Caused by Varicella Zoster Virus Transmission: Contact and Airborne (N-95 Mask)
What diseases need AIRBORNE precautions?
Chicken Pox, Tuberculosis, Measles
Chicken Pox Communicability?
One (1) day prior to eruption of vesicles to Six (6) days after the first vesicles have crusted.
Eruptions continue to develop for 2-3 days. Begin on TRUNK spreading to face and extremities. Lesions may breakout on mucous membranes. Temp rises, and lymphadenopathy may develop.
Chicken Pox
How do you control itching for Chicken Pox?
Oral antihistamines (Claritin, Zyrtec) Lotions: calamine (Cetaphil) or any lotion with praxomine
Measles
Highly contagious virus appearing as flat, fine erythematous rash (maculopapular) that starts on the face and spreads downward. NEEDS VIT A SUPPLEMENTATION
Clinical Manifestations Measles
HIGH grade fever, malise, anorexia. COUGH CONJUNCTIVITIS CORYZA (24hrs later) KOPLIK SPOTS (Irregular red spots with bluish white center) PHOTOPHOBIA
After 3-4 days this type of rash/disease becomes brown and desquamation occurs.
Measles
What are the recommendations for Vit A when child has measles?
>1 yr 200,000 Int. Units
Measles Communicability?
4 days before the rash and 5 days after the rash
Mumps Communicability?
Immediately BEFORE and AFTER swelling begins
Whats are typical manifestations of Mumps?
Earache, Tenderness and enlargement of the parotid glands (by the ears) =Parotitis Also there can be orchitis (sweeling of one or both testicles) experienced by males
How quick does parotitis occur with mumps?
by the 3rd day
What are some complications of Mumps?
Deafness, Encephalitis, Meningitis, Epididymo-orchitis (males)
What causes Scarlet Fever?
Group A Beta Hemolytic Strep (GABHS)
What are some manifestations of scarlet fever?
Abrupt HIGH fever TACHYcardia Swollen Tonsils covered with exudates White Strawberry Tongue (1st day) RED Strawberry Tongue (3rd day) Circumolar Pallor (paleness around the mouth) DESQUAMATION after one week
How do you treat Scarlet Fever?
Antibiotics, FULL COURSE
What are complications of Scarlet Fever?
Glomuronephritis Rheumatic Fever (Carditis) Sinusitis
What are the three stages of Fifth Disease?
Slapped cheek, maculopapular rash, subsides
Whats another name for Fifth Disease?
“Slapped Cheek”
What are two communicable diseases that demands high contraindication for a pregnant woman?
Fifth Disease or “Slapped Cheek”, Rubella (German Measles)
Lacey rash is associated with which communicable disease?
Fifth Disease
Rubella is the same as
German Measles
Rubeola is the same as
Measles
What are differences between German vs. Measles?
Measles has a higher fever compared to German Measles, and Rubella’s rash is more defined than Rubeola’s.
What communicable disease is paroxysms associated with?
Whooping Cough
Define Paroxysms
Period of short rapid coughing followed by sudden inspirations associated with a high pitched crowing sound
What complications are related to Whooping Cough?
Otitis Media, Pneumonia, Atelectasis
Child has an extremely pruritic rash that spreads from the trunk to face and the extremities, child has?
Chicken Pox
Child has an extremely nonpruritic rash that spreads from the trunk to face and the extremities, child has?
Roseola
Child maintains a high temp for 3-4 days and appears well, after the temperature decreases the child develops a nonpruritic rash that lasts 1-2 days.
Roseola
Febrile Seizures is a complication for
Roseola
