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N342 > Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

Communicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Chicken Pox Manifestations

A
  • Prodromal: slight fever, malaise, anorexia
  • Macule/papule  vesicle  crust
  • Highly pruritic
  • Distribution: centripetal; spreads to face and arms; sparse on legs
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2
Q

Chicken Pox Management

A

Acyclovir, IVIG (high-risk children)
Diphenhydramine, antihistamines, skin care
Vaccine

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3
Q

Diphtheria Manifestations

A

Malaise, sore throat, low-grade fever
White or gray membrane on tonsils
Lymphadenitis (may be pronounced); “bull neck”
Potential airway obstruction

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4
Q

Diphtheria Management

A

Antitoxin
Antibiotics
Bedrest (prevention of myocarditis)
Treatment of infected contacts & carriers
Vaccine

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5
Q

Diphtheria Complications

A

Toxic cardiomopathy

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6
Q

Chicken pox complications

A

Secondary bacterial infections, encephalitis, varicella pneumonia

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7
Q

Mumps Manifestations

A

Prodromal: fever, headache, malaise, anorexia for 24 h; earache aggravated by chewing
Enlarged parotid glands (bilateral or unilateral) with pain & tenderness

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8
Q

Mumps Management

A

Analgesics & antipyretics
May need IV fluids if unable to drink
Vaccine

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9
Q

Mumps complications

A

Sensorineural deafness, myocarditis, arthritis, oophoritis/orchitis, sterility (rare in adults), meningitis

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10
Q

Measles Manifestations

A

Prodromal (catarrhal): fever, malaise, anorexia followed by 24h coryza, cough, conjunctivitis
Koplik spots 2 days before rash
Rash: 3-4 days after prodomal stage; erythematous maculopapular eruption on face & spreads downward; becomes brownish

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11
Q

Measles Management

A

Bedrest while febrile; antipyretics
Antibiotics to prevent secondary infection in high-risk children
Vitamin A supplementation
Vaccine

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12
Q

Measles complications

A

Otitis media, pneumonia (bacterial), encephalitis (rare but high mortality)

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13
Q

Pertussis Manifestations

A

Catarrhal:
-URTI symptoms (coryza, sneezing, cough, low-grade fever) for 1-2 weeks
-Dry, hacking cough becomes more severe
Paroxysmal:
- Cough – short, rapid coughs followed by sudden inspiration (whoop)
- Cheeks become flushed & cyanotic, eyes bulge, tongue protrudes until thick mucous plug dislodged
- May vomit after coughing spell

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14
Q

Pertussis Management

A

Hospitalization often required for infants
Oxygen, humidity, fluids, mechanical ventilation
Antibiotics (usually erythromycin)
Vaccine (not lifelong immunity)

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15
Q

Pertussis Complications

A

Pneumonia, atelectasis, otitis media, seizures, hemorrhage, weight loss & dehydration, hernias

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16
Q

Polio Manifestations

A

Abortive or inapparent: fever, sore throat, headache, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain; lasts hours to days
Nonparalytic: Same as abortive but more severe with pain & stiffness in neck, back, & legs,
Paralytic: initial course as nonparalytic, followed by recovery, then signs of CNS paralysis

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17
Q

Polio Management

A

Bedrest during acute phase
Mechanical ventilation
Physical therapy after acute stage
Vaccine

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18
Q

Polio complications

A

Permanent paralysis
Respiratory arrest
Hypertension
Kidney stones (from prolonged immobility

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19
Q

Rubella Manifestations

A

Prodromal: absent in children; in adults & adolescents: low-grade fever, headache, malaise, anorexia, coryza, sore throat, mild conjunctivitis; lasts 1-5 days then subsides 1 day after rash appears

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20
Q

Rubella Management

A

Antipyretics & analgesics
Avoid contact with pregnant women
Monitor rubella titer in pregnant adolescent
Vaccine

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21
Q

Rubella Complications

A

Rare (arthritis, encephalitis, purpura)
Most benign of all childhood communicable diseases
Teratogenic to fetus

22
Q

Tetanus Manifestations

A

Neonatal – difficulty sucking, excessive crying. Irritability, nuchal rigidity
Generalized – progressive stiffness of muscles in neck & jaw (lockjaw); spasm of facial muscles; abdominal & limb muscle rigidity; difficulty swallowing; convulsive muscular contractions

23
Q

Tetanus Management

A

Tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG) for inadequately immunized child with tetanus-prone wound
Tetanus toxoid
Cleansing & debridement of wound
Respiratory support
Paralyzing agents
Vaccine

24
Q

Tetanus Complications

A

Respiratory arrest, atelectasis, pneumonia

25
Rotavirus Manifestations
Mild to moderate fever (~2 days) Vomiting (~2 days) followed by watery stools (~5-7 days
26
Rotavirus Management
Oral rehydration solution Continue breastfeeding Usual diet for older children Antipyretics Vaccine
27
Rotavirus Complications
Dehydration Slight increased risk of intussusception (with vaccine)
28
Fifth Disease Manifestations
Stage I – “slapped cheek” (1-4 days) Stage 2 – maculopapular red spots, symmetrically distributed on upper & lower extremities; progresses proximal to distal (≥ 1 week) Stage 3 – rash subsides but reappears if skin irritated or traumatized (sun, cold, friction)
29
Fifth disease Management
Antipyretics, analgesics, anti-inflammatories Possible blood transfusion for transient aplastic anemia NO VACCINE
30
Fifth Disease Complications
Self-limited arthritis & arthralgia which may become chronic Anemia, hydrops, or fetal death if mother infected during pregnancy (2nd trimester) Aplastic crisis in children with hemolytic disease
31
Roseola Manifestations
Persistent high fever (>39.5) for 3-7 days in child who appears well; precipitous drop in temp to normal when rash begins Rash: discrete rose-pink macules appearing 1st on trunk, then spreading to neck, face, & extremities; nonpruritic; fades on pressure; lasts 1-2 days
32
Roseola Management
Antipyretics NO VACCINES
33
Roseola Complications
Recurrent febrile seizures Encephalitis Hepatitis (rare)
34
Scarlet Fever Manifestations
Prodromal: abrupt high fever, high pulse, vomiting, headache, chills, malaise, abdominal pain Enanthema – enlarged tonsils with exudate; white to red strawberry tongue Exanthema – rash within 12 h of prodromal signs; red pin-headed punctate lesions (absent on face); flushed face; desquamation after 1 week (up to 3+ weeks)
35
Scarlet Fever Management
Penicillin or erythromycin Antibiotics for carriers Supportive – rest, analgesics, antipyretics NO VACCINE
36
Scarlet Fever Complications
Peritonsillar abscesses, sinusitis, otitis media, acute glomerulonephritis, acute rheumatic fever
37
Conjunctivitis Manifestations
Bacterial – purulent drainage, crusting of eyelids, inflamed conjunctiva, swollen eyelids
38
Conjunctivitis Management
Bacterial – topic antibiotics Viral – self-limiting Keep eye clean NO VACCINE Wash hands, discard tissues
39
Conjunctivitis complications
Mild corneal irritation to severe vision loss Severe complications are rare
40
Impetigo Manifestations
Begins as reddish macule  vesicle Ruptures easily Spreads peripherally in sharply marginated irregular outlines Exudate dries to form honey-coloured crusts Pruritic
41
Impetigo Management
Topical bactericidal ointment Oral antibiotics NO VACCINE Handwashing
42
Impetigo Complications
Secondary infection Scarring (from scratching or superinfection) May be superimposed on eczema
43
Scabies Manifestations
Intense pruritis Maculopapular lesions distributed in interdigital surfaces, axillary-cubital area, popliteal folds, inguinal region Mite identified by black dot at end of a minute, linear, grayish-brown, threadlike burrow
44
Scabies Management
Application of scabicide or oral intake Antibiotics for secondary infection Antihistamines, topical corticosteroids, soothing ointments to relieve itching NO VACCINE High heat to clean
45
Scabies Complications
Secondary infection Scarring from scratching
46
Giardiasis Manifestations
May be asymptomatic Abdominal cramps & diarrhea
47
Giardiasis Management
Metronidazole (Flagyl) NO VACCINE No swimming
48
Giardiasis Complications
Minimal to none
49
Pinworms Manifestations
Non-specific Intense rectal itching Movement of worms on skin & mucous membrane surfaces causes intense itching
50
Pinworms Management
Antiparasitic medication; treat again 2 weeks later “Tape test” 1st thing in a.m. NO VACCINE Shower instead of bath
51
Pinworms Complications
Rare Infection of female genitalia (can travel up vagina into uterus & fallopian tubes)

N342 (7 decks)

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