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N342 > Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

Communicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Chicken Pox Manifestations

A
  • Prodromal: slight fever, malaise, anorexia
  • Macule/papule  vesicle  crust
  • Highly pruritic
  • Distribution: centripetal; spreads to face and arms; sparse on legs
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2
Q

Chicken Pox Management

A

Acyclovir, IVIG (high-risk children)
Diphenhydramine, antihistamines, skin care
Vaccine

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3
Q

Diphtheria Manifestations

A

Malaise, sore throat, low-grade fever
White or gray membrane on tonsils
Lymphadenitis (may be pronounced); “bull neck”
Potential airway obstruction

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4
Q

Diphtheria Management

A

Antitoxin
Antibiotics
Bedrest (prevention of myocarditis)
Treatment of infected contacts & carriers
Vaccine

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5
Q

Diphtheria Complications

A

Toxic cardiomopathy

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6
Q

Chicken pox complications

A

Secondary bacterial infections, encephalitis, varicella pneumonia

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7
Q

Mumps Manifestations

A

Prodromal: fever, headache, malaise, anorexia for 24 h; earache aggravated by chewing
Enlarged parotid glands (bilateral or unilateral) with pain & tenderness

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8
Q

Mumps Management

A

Analgesics & antipyretics
May need IV fluids if unable to drink
Vaccine

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9
Q

Mumps complications

A

Sensorineural deafness, myocarditis, arthritis, oophoritis/orchitis, sterility (rare in adults), meningitis

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10
Q

Measles Manifestations

A

Prodromal (catarrhal): fever, malaise, anorexia followed by 24h coryza, cough, conjunctivitis
Koplik spots 2 days before rash
Rash: 3-4 days after prodomal stage; erythematous maculopapular eruption on face & spreads downward; becomes brownish

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11
Q

Measles Management

A

Bedrest while febrile; antipyretics
Antibiotics to prevent secondary infection in high-risk children
Vitamin A supplementation
Vaccine

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12
Q

Measles complications

A

Otitis media, pneumonia (bacterial), encephalitis (rare but high mortality)

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13
Q

Pertussis Manifestations

A

Catarrhal:
-URTI symptoms (coryza, sneezing, cough, low-grade fever) for 1-2 weeks
-Dry, hacking cough becomes more severe
Paroxysmal:
- Cough – short, rapid coughs followed by sudden inspiration (whoop)
- Cheeks become flushed & cyanotic, eyes bulge, tongue protrudes until thick mucous plug dislodged
- May vomit after coughing spell

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14
Q

Pertussis Management

A

Hospitalization often required for infants
Oxygen, humidity, fluids, mechanical ventilation
Antibiotics (usually erythromycin)
Vaccine (not lifelong immunity)

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15
Q

Pertussis Complications

A

Pneumonia, atelectasis, otitis media, seizures, hemorrhage, weight loss & dehydration, hernias

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16
Q

Polio Manifestations

A

Abortive or inapparent: fever, sore throat, headache, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain; lasts hours to days
Nonparalytic: Same as abortive but more severe with pain & stiffness in neck, back, & legs,
Paralytic: initial course as nonparalytic, followed by recovery, then signs of CNS paralysis

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17
Q

Polio Management

A

Bedrest during acute phase
Mechanical ventilation
Physical therapy after acute stage
Vaccine

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18
Q

Polio complications

A

Permanent paralysis
Respiratory arrest
Hypertension
Kidney stones (from prolonged immobility

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19
Q

Rubella Manifestations

A

Prodromal: absent in children; in adults & adolescents: low-grade fever, headache, malaise, anorexia, coryza, sore throat, mild conjunctivitis; lasts 1-5 days then subsides 1 day after rash appears

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20
Q

Rubella Management

A

Antipyretics & analgesics
Avoid contact with pregnant women
Monitor rubella titer in pregnant adolescent
Vaccine

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21
Q

Rubella Complications

A

Rare (arthritis, encephalitis, purpura)
Most benign of all childhood communicable diseases
Teratogenic to fetus

22
Q

Tetanus Manifestations

A

Neonatal – difficulty sucking, excessive crying. Irritability, nuchal rigidity
Generalized – progressive stiffness of muscles in neck & jaw (lockjaw); spasm of facial muscles; abdominal & limb muscle rigidity; difficulty swallowing; convulsive muscular contractions

23
Q

Tetanus Management

A

Tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG) for inadequately immunized child with tetanus-prone wound
Tetanus toxoid
Cleansing & debridement of wound
Respiratory support
Paralyzing agents
Vaccine

24
Q

Tetanus Complications

A

Respiratory arrest, atelectasis, pneumonia

25
Q

Rotavirus Manifestations

A

Mild to moderate fever (~2 days)
Vomiting (~2 days) followed by watery stools (~5-7 days

26
Q

Rotavirus Management

A

Oral rehydration solution
Continue breastfeeding
Usual diet for older children
Antipyretics
Vaccine

27
Q

Rotavirus Complications

A

Dehydration
Slight increased risk of intussusception (with vaccine)

28
Q

Fifth Disease Manifestations

A

Stage I – “slapped cheek” (1-4 days)
Stage 2 – maculopapular red spots, symmetrically distributed on upper & lower extremities; progresses proximal to distal (≥ 1 week)
Stage 3 – rash subsides but reappears if skin irritated or traumatized (sun, cold, friction)

29
Q

Fifth disease Management

A

Antipyretics, analgesics, anti-inflammatories
Possible blood transfusion for transient aplastic anemia
NO VACCINE

30
Q

Fifth Disease Complications

A

Self-limited arthritis & arthralgia which may become chronic
Anemia, hydrops, or fetal death if mother infected during pregnancy (2nd trimester)
Aplastic crisis in children with hemolytic disease

31
Q

Roseola Manifestations

A

Persistent high fever (>39.5) for 3-7 days in child who appears well; precipitous drop in temp to normal when rash begins
Rash: discrete rose-pink macules appearing 1st on trunk, then spreading to neck, face, & extremities; nonpruritic; fades on pressure; lasts 1-2 days

32
Q

Roseola Management

A

Antipyretics
NO VACCINES

33
Q

Roseola Complications

A

Recurrent febrile seizures
Encephalitis
Hepatitis (rare)

34
Q

Scarlet Fever Manifestations

A

Prodromal: abrupt high fever, high pulse, vomiting, headache, chills, malaise, abdominal pain
Enanthema – enlarged tonsils with exudate; white to red strawberry tongue
Exanthema – rash within 12 h of prodromal signs; red pin-headed punctate lesions (absent on face); flushed face; desquamation after 1 week (up to 3+ weeks)

35
Q

Scarlet Fever Management

A

Penicillin or erythromycin
Antibiotics for carriers
Supportive – rest, analgesics, antipyretics
NO VACCINE

36
Q

Scarlet Fever Complications

A

Peritonsillar abscesses, sinusitis, otitis media, acute glomerulonephritis, acute rheumatic fever

37
Q

Conjunctivitis Manifestations

A

Bacterial – purulent drainage, crusting of eyelids, inflamed conjunctiva, swollen eyelids

38
Q

Conjunctivitis Management

A

Bacterial – topic antibiotics
Viral – self-limiting
Keep eye clean
NO VACCINE
Wash hands, discard tissues

39
Q

Conjunctivitis complications

A

Mild corneal irritation to severe vision loss
Severe complications are rare

40
Q

Impetigo Manifestations

A

Begins as reddish macule  vesicle
Ruptures easily
Spreads peripherally in sharply marginated irregular outlines
Exudate dries to form honey-coloured crusts
Pruritic

41
Q

Impetigo Management

A

Topical bactericidal ointment
Oral antibiotics
NO VACCINE
Handwashing

42
Q

Impetigo Complications

A

Secondary infection
Scarring (from scratching or superinfection)
May be superimposed on eczema

43
Q

Scabies Manifestations

A

Intense pruritis
Maculopapular lesions distributed in interdigital surfaces, axillary-cubital area, popliteal folds, inguinal region
Mite identified by black dot at end of a minute, linear, grayish-brown, threadlike burrow

44
Q

Scabies Management

A

Application of scabicide or oral intake
Antibiotics for secondary infection
Antihistamines, topical corticosteroids, soothing ointments to relieve itching
NO VACCINE
High heat to clean

45
Q

Scabies Complications

A

Secondary infection
Scarring from scratching

46
Q

Giardiasis Manifestations

A

May be asymptomatic
Abdominal cramps & diarrhea

47
Q

Giardiasis Management

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl)
NO VACCINE
No swimming

48
Q

Giardiasis Complications

A

Minimal to none

49
Q

Pinworms Manifestations

A

Non-specific
Intense rectal itching
Movement of worms on skin & mucous membrane surfaces causes intense itching

50
Q

Pinworms Management

A

Antiparasitic medication; treat again 2 weeks later
“Tape test” 1st thing in a.m.
NO VACCINE
Shower instead of bath

51
Q

Pinworms Complications

A

Rare
Infection of female genitalia (can travel up vagina into uterus & fallopian tubes)

N342 (7 decks)

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