Communicable disease Flashcards
Highly communicable disease characterized by
abrupt onset with fever which last 1 to 6 days,
chilly sensation or chills, aches or pain in the back
and limbs with prostrations. Respiratory
symptoms include coryza, sore throat and cough.
Causative agent
Influenza
Influenza virus A, B, C
An acute infectious disease of the lungs
usually caused by the ___ resulting in
the consolidation of one or more lobes of either
one or both lungs.
Causative agent:
Pneumonias
Streptococcus pneumoniae
An acute serious illness characterized by
sudden onset of acute and profuse colorless
diarrhea, vomiting, severe dehydration,
muscular cramps, cyanosis and in severe cases
collapse.
Causative agent:
Cholera (El Tor)
Vibrio cholera
A highly contagious bacterial infection, usually
affecting the lungs but can also affect other
organs of the body like brain, kidney, intestine,
and bones,
- Considered as the World’s deadliest disease
- Occurs in children
In the Philippines, rank 6th
Causative agent:
Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Is an infectious disease and is a leading cause
of permanent physical disability among the
communicable disease.
• It is chronic mildly communicable disease that
mainly affects the skin the peripheral nerves, the
eyes and mucosa of URT>
Causative agent:
Leprosy
Mycobacterium leprae
Also known as the Bilharziasis or snail fever has
a long been one of the important tropical disease
on our country
- It is caused by a blood fluke that is transmitted
by a tiny small: _____
- Since it affects mostly farmers and their
families in the rural area
Schistosomiasis
Oncomelania hupensi quadrasi
S. japonicum, mansoni, haematobium
It is a chronic parasitic infection, which greatly
reduces human productivity and quality of life.
- eating of fresh or inadequately cooked
crabs in practice
- The manifestation closely resembles PTB that
most often it is misdiagnosed
Causative agent and IH:
Paragonimiasis
Paragonimus westermani
1 IH - Antemelania aspirate
2 IH - Sundathelpusa philippina, varona litterata
It is the third most prevalent infection
worldwide second only to the diarrheal disease
and tuberculosis
• The prevalence of _ among the 2 to 5 yrs old
but lesser they suffer the greatest impact to the
disease when they are infected.
major causes:
Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis
- Ascaris lumbricoides (Giant Intestinal
Roundworm)
✓ Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm)
✓ Hookworm
o Ancyclostoma duodenale (Old world
hookworm)
o Necator americanus (New world hookworm)
An acute highly communicable infection
characterized by fever, rashes and symptoms
referable to upper respiratory tract; the eruption
is preceded by about 2 days of coryza, during
which stage grayish pecks (koplik spots) may
be found on the inner surface of the cheeks.
Causative agent:
Measles
Measles virus
Acute febrile infection of the tonsil, throat,
nose, larynx or a wound marked by a patch or
patches of grayish membrane from which the
____ is readily cultured.
Causative agent:
Diphtheria
__ Diphtheria bacillus
Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Klebs-Loeffler
bacillus)
Acute infection of respiratory tract. It begins as
an ordinary cold, which in typical case
increasingly severe, and after the second week is
attended by paroxysm of cough ending in a
characteristics ___ as the breath is drawn in.
Causative agent:
Whooping cough (pertussis)
Bordetella pertussis (Haemophilus pertussis,
Bordet gengou bacillus)
Acute disease induced by toxin of ____
__ growing anaerobically in wounds and at
the umbilicus among the infants. Characterized
by muscle contraction.
Causative agent, Toxin:
TETANUS NEONATORUM AND TETANUS
AMONG OLDER AGE GROUP
Tetanus bacilli
Clostridium tetani (Tetanus bacilli)
An acute bacterial infection of the intestine
characterized by diarrhea, fever, tenesmus and
in severe cases bloody mucoid stools.
• Severe infections are frequent in infants and in
elderly debilitated persons
Causative agent:
BACILLARY DYSENTERY (Shigellosis)
Shigella, there are four main groups:
• Shigella sonnei
• Shigella boydii
• Shigella flexneri
• Shigella dysenteriae
• Systemic infection characterized by continued
fever, malaise, anorexia, slow pulse,
involvement of lymphoid tissue, Splenomegaly,
rose spots on trunks and diarrhea.
• Many mild typical infections are often
unrecognized.
Causative agent
Typhoid
Salmonella typhii
A form of ____ occurring either
sporadically or in epidemics and caused by virus
introduced by focally contaminated
water or food.
• Young people especially school children are
most frequently affected
Causative agent:
HEPATITIS A (Infectious hepatitis, Epidemic
hepatitis, Catarrhal jaundice)
Hepatitis A virus
A syndrome of characteristic symptoms
predominantly neurologic which occur within a
minute or several hours after ingestion of
poisonous shellfish.
Causative agent:
PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING (PSP 1 Red
tide poisoning)
Single-celled organism called DINOFLAGELLATES: it is
commonly referred as PLANKTON
It is a Worldwide zoonotic disease. Rat is the
main host of the disease although pigs, cattle,
rabbits and other wild animals can also serve as
reservoir hosts.
• It is an occupational disease affecting
veterinarians, miners, farmers, sewer, workers,
abattoir workers, etc.
Causative agent:
Leptospirosis
LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS. There are about 200
serovars, varicteri hemorrhage
It is fatal once the signs and symptoms appear
Rabies (Hydrophobia, Lyssa)
A communicable disease of the skin
characterized by eruptive lesions produced by
the burrowing of the female parasite into
the skin.
Causative agent
Scabies
Sarcoptes scabiei, itch mite.
An acute bacterial disease usually affecting the
skin but which may vary rarely involves the
oropharynx. Lower respiratory tract,
mediastinum or intestinal tract.
Causative agent:
ANTHRAX (Malignant pustule, malignant
edema Woolsorter’s disease)
Bacillus anthracis
The disease is usually sporadic (cases occur
alone or may affect household members with
intimate contact)
• Although primarily a disease of children, It may
occur among adult especially in condition of
forced overcrowding such as institution, jail and
barracks.
• There is an increase rate in smokers,
overcrowded households and military recruits.
Causative agent:
MENINGOCOCCEMIA
Neisseria meningitides
It is a newly recognized form of a typical
pneumonia that had been described in patient in
Asia, North America and Europe. The earliest
known cases were identified in Guangdong
Province, China in November 2002
• The WHO issued the global alert on the
outbreak on March 2003 and instituted
worldwide surveillance.
Causative agent:
SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)
novel human corona virus
Influenza is recognized both as emerging and
re-emerging viral infection and is described as an
unvarying disease caused by a varying virus. The
virus mutates but its burden on health, lives and
manpower is consistently overwhelming.
• It is an infectious disease of birds ranging from
mild to severe form of illness.
“BIRD FLU”or AVIAN INFLUENZA
Bacterial STI
Gonorrhea
Causative agent, treatment
Neisseria gonorrheae
Cefriaxone
