Communicable Disease

Question 1

What is a communicable disease? #ptothep

Answer 1

An illness spread from person to person or animal to person

Question 2

Bacterial Disease - What is salmonella? #sick

Answer 2

Salmonella bacteria causes food poisoning. Symptoms include fever, stomach cramps, vomitting and diarrhoea. These symptoms are caused by the toxins produced by the bacteria.

Question 3

Bacterial disease - What is gonorrhoea? #cheeky

Answer 3

• STD passed on by sexual contact
  -symptoms = pain when urinating, thick yellow discharge from vagina/penis
• to prevent the spread, treat with antibiotics and use a condom

Question 4

What is a pathogen? #justwalkonin

Answer 4

Microorganisms that enter the body and cause communicable disease.

Question 5

What is bacteria? #hiyaaa

Answer 5

• small cells = reproduce quickly
• produce toxins = damages your cells and tissues

Question 6

What are viruses? #burst

Answer 6

• small cells = reproduce quickly
• live inside your cells where they replicate then they burst releasing new viruses

Question 7

What are protists? #bzzpara

Answer 7

• they are eukaryotes
• they are parasites, which live on or inside other organisms, often carried by a vector.

Question 8

What are fungi? #hyphaepenetratespores

Answer 8

• some single-celled
• others have hyphae that grow and penetrate human skin and the surface of plants
  -they can produce spores which can spread to other plants.

Question 9

Fungal disease - Rose Black Spot

Answer 9

• shows as black spots on leaves of the plant = less photosynthesis
  -this means the plant doesn’t grow aswell
  -spread by wind or water
• can be treated by using fungicides and removing the leaves off the plant

Question 10

What is malaria?

Answer 10

• pathogen causing malaria = protist
• symptoms: headache, vomitting
• to prevent: insect repellent, mosquito net

Question 11

Viral disease

Answer 11

Measles is spread by droplets of liquid from sneezes and coughs.
Symptoms can include a rash or a fever.

Question 12

HIV

Answer 12

• spread by sexual contact or exchanging fluids
• it can be controlled by anti-viral drugs
  -it attacks the cells in the immune system which incase is already damaged can leads to aids

Question 13

Tobaco Mosaic Virus

Answer 13

• affects plants, parts of the leaves become discoloured
• this means the plant cant carry out photosynthesis, this will affects the plant’s growth

Question 14

How do scabs protect us?

Answer 14

• platelets plug the gap which stops blood escaping and bacteria from getting in

Question 15

How do tears and eyelashes protect us?

Answer 15

• eyelashes act as a barrier
• tears have a high salt content to kill microorganisms and then washes them out

Question 16

How does stomach acid help protect us?

Answer 16

It has hydrochloric acid that has a pH of 2 therefore it kills microorganisms.

Question 17

How does the skin help protect us?

Answer 17

It is a barrier

Question 18

How does the trachea help protect us?

Answer 18

The mucus catches the pathogen and the cilia moves it to the back of the throat.

Question 19

How do white blood cells help protect us?

Answer 19

1. Engulf and digest
2. Produce anti-bodies specific to the pathogen
3. Produces anti-toxins to neutralise toxins

Question 20

Describe how a vaccine works

Answer 20

• a dead pathogen is injected
• produce white blood cells specific to pathogen
• produce anti-bodies to neutralise pathogens
• anti-toxins engulf and digest pathogen
• if you are re-infected the response is rapid

Question 21

Explain why vaccinating a large part of the population reduces spread of a virus

Answer 21

• Herd immunity
• Less likely to pass the pathogen on so less people get the disease.