common vitamins and minerals

Question 1

how much elemental calcium in calcium carbonate

Answer 1

40%

Question 2

how much elemental calcium in calcium citrate

Answer 2

21%

Question 3

how much elemental calcium in calcium lactate

Answer 3

18%

Question 4

how much elemental calcium in calcium gluconate

Answer 4

9%

Question 5

calcium doses shouldnt exceed how much elemental calcium

Answer 5

500mg

if higher amount needed divide throughout the day

Question 6

explain calcium carbonate

Answer 6

best absorption in acidic environment and should be taken with meals
cheap
first line
well tolerated

Question 7

calcium citrate is recommended for which patients

Answer 7

proton pump inhibitors or H2blockers
inflammatory bowel disease
absorptive disorders

Question 8

describe calcium citrate

Answer 8

increased absorption especially in patients with a high gastric pH
may be taken on empty stomach

Question 9

excess ingestion of calcium along with the supplements may cause

Answer 9

kidney stones, milk alkali syndrome, renal insufficiency

Question 10

which iron preparation are napra schedule 2

Answer 10

more than 30mg of elemental iron

Question 11

what must dietary iron be reduced to to be absorbed

Answer 11

ferrous form

Question 12

where does most of iron absorption occur

Answer 12

distal duodenum and proximal jejunum

enteric released further down

Question 13

complications of excess iron stored in tissues and organs

Answer 13

cirrhosis
heart failure
toxic in overdose

Question 14

how much elemental iron is ferrous gluconate

Answer 14

12%

Question 15

ferrous sulfate is elemental iron

Answer 15

20%

Question 16

how much elemental iron is ferrous fumarate

Answer 16

33%

Question 17

what are the new expensive iron formulations

Answer 17

heme ion polypeptide

polysaccharide iron complex

Question 18

how should iron be taken

Answer 18

empty stomach becuase food may impair absorption
can take with food if theres stomach irritation
start with low doses

Question 19

drug interactions with iron

Answer 19

antacids
PPI
calcium supplements
antibiotics

Question 20

side effects of iron

Answer 20

abdominal discomfort
NV
diarrhea constipation

Question 21

do b vitamins relieve stress and increase energy

Answer 21

helpful to release energy from food but get enough from diet the extra is just flushed out
no supplements can reduce stress

Question 22

non pharms for stress relief

Answer 22

reduce caffiene alcohol or smoking
exercise
sleep
relaxation techniques

Question 23

will vitamin b decrease the risk of skin cancer

Answer 23

may help high risk patients who already have nonmelanoma skin cancer not patients without skin cancer

Question 24

what is the macula

Answer 24

small area at the center of retina in back of the eye to permit seeing fine details clearly

Question 25

what is age related macular degeneration

Answer 25

loss of central vision but peripheral unaffected

decrease in sharp straight ahead vision

Question 26

what is dry AMD

Answer 26

result of thinning of the macula

develops over many years

Question 27

what is wet AMD

Answer 27

result of abnormal blood vessels growing under the retina

quickly progresses

Question 28

two treatments for AMD

Answer 28

anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections

photodynamic therapy

Question 29

what vitamins seem to lower progression of AMD

Answer 29

vit A,C
betacarotene - increase risk of lung cancer
zinc
new formular replaces beta carotene with lutein and zeaxanthin

Question 30

who is recommended to take AREDS2

Answer 30

intermediate(two eye) to advanced stages of dry(one eye) AMD as it may reduce further progression

Question 31

who is AREDS2 not recommended for

Answer 31

early dry AMD

wet AMD

Question 32

how might orlistat effect nturients

Answer 32

decrease in the levels of some fat soluble (A,D,E,K) vitamins and beta carotene

Question 33

what is the recommendation when taking orlistat

Answer 33

take a multivitamin supplement

separate supplement from orlistat dose by minimum 2 hours

Question 34

which nutrients might metformin deplete

Answer 34

folate (B9)

vitamin B12

Question 35

recommendations when taking metformin

Answer 35

monitor hematological parameters yearly
monitor vitb12 and homocysteine levels yearly
may need supplements

Question 36

what can oral corticosteroids with high mineralcorticoid activity cause

Answer 36

steroid induced osteoporosis

Question 37

what supplements are needed in patients taking more than 7.5mg of prednisone or equivalent daily

Answer 37

calcium

vitD

Question 38

long term treatment with oral corticosteroids requires monitoring every 6 months of what

Answer 38

bone mineral density

calcium levels

Question 39

what 3 things hsould you avoid combining with vit a and beta carotene

Answer 39

retinoids - additive toxic effects
hepatotoxic meds - increase risk of liver disease
warfarin - vit a toxicity and bleeding

Question 40

what should you avoid combining with vit E and why

Answer 40

warfarin
asa
nsaids
increased risk of bleeding

Question 41

how do you manage a combo with vit e and warfarin

Answer 41

restrict dose to = 200 IU per day and monitor INR