common vitamins and minerals Flashcards
how much elemental calcium in calcium carbonate
40%
how much elemental calcium in calcium citrate
21%
how much elemental calcium in calcium lactate
18%
how much elemental calcium in calcium gluconate
9%
calcium doses shouldnt exceed how much elemental calcium
500mg
if higher amount needed divide throughout the day
explain calcium carbonate
best absorption in acidic environment and should be taken with meals
cheap
first line
well tolerated
calcium citrate is recommended for which patients
proton pump inhibitors or H2blockers
inflammatory bowel disease
absorptive disorders
describe calcium citrate
increased absorption especially in patients with a high gastric pH
may be taken on empty stomach
excess ingestion of calcium along with the supplements may cause
kidney stones, milk alkali syndrome, renal insufficiency
which iron preparation are napra schedule 2
more than 30mg of elemental iron
what must dietary iron be reduced to to be absorbed
ferrous form
where does most of iron absorption occur
distal duodenum and proximal jejunum
enteric released further down
complications of excess iron stored in tissues and organs
cirrhosis
heart failure
toxic in overdose
how much elemental iron is ferrous gluconate
12%
ferrous sulfate is elemental iron
20%
how much elemental iron is ferrous fumarate
33%
what are the new expensive iron formulations
heme ion polypeptide
polysaccharide iron complex
how should iron be taken
empty stomach becuase food may impair absorption
can take with food if theres stomach irritation
start with low doses
drug interactions with iron
antacids
PPI
calcium supplements
antibiotics
side effects of iron
abdominal discomfort
NV
diarrhea constipation
do b vitamins relieve stress and increase energy
helpful to release energy from food but get enough from diet the extra is just flushed out
no supplements can reduce stress
non pharms for stress relief
reduce caffiene alcohol or smoking
exercise
sleep
relaxation techniques
will vitamin b decrease the risk of skin cancer
may help high risk patients who already have nonmelanoma skin cancer not patients without skin cancer
what is the macula
small area at the center of retina in back of the eye to permit seeing fine details clearly
what is age related macular degeneration
loss of central vision but peripheral unaffected
decrease in sharp straight ahead vision
what is dry AMD
result of thinning of the macula
develops over many years
what is wet AMD
result of abnormal blood vessels growing under the retina
quickly progresses
two treatments for AMD
anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections
photodynamic therapy
what vitamins seem to lower progression of AMD
vit A,C
betacarotene - increase risk of lung cancer
zinc
new formular replaces beta carotene with lutein and zeaxanthin
who is recommended to take AREDS2
intermediate(two eye) to advanced stages of dry(one eye) AMD as it may reduce further progression
who is AREDS2 not recommended for
early dry AMD
wet AMD
how might orlistat effect nturients
decrease in the levels of some fat soluble (A,D,E,K) vitamins and beta carotene
what is the recommendation when taking orlistat
take a multivitamin supplement
separate supplement from orlistat dose by minimum 2 hours
which nutrients might metformin deplete
folate (B9)
vitamin B12
recommendations when taking metformin
monitor hematological parameters yearly
monitor vitb12 and homocysteine levels yearly
may need supplements
what can oral corticosteroids with high mineralcorticoid activity cause
steroid induced osteoporosis
what supplements are needed in patients taking more than 7.5mg of prednisone or equivalent daily
calcium
vitD
long term treatment with oral corticosteroids requires monitoring every 6 months of what
bone mineral density
calcium levels
what 3 things hsould you avoid combining with vit a and beta carotene
retinoids - additive toxic effects
hepatotoxic meds - increase risk of liver disease
warfarin - vit a toxicity and bleeding
what should you avoid combining with vit E and why
warfarin
asa
nsaids
increased risk of bleeding
how do you manage a combo with vit e and warfarin
restrict dose to = 200 IU per day and monitor INR
