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(S&L2) Order of Draw, Departments, Common Tests > Common Tests :( > Flashcards

Common Tests :( Flashcards

1
Q

Alkaline Phosphate (ALP)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. NO special req or hand
  5. Highest concentration of ALP in the liver and bone. Also in the internal mucosa and placenta. Elevated amounts are found in patients with bone & liver disorders → Paget’s disease, healing fractures, RA, normal bones = source.
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2
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. NO special req or hand
  5. Testing for urea nitrogen in blood. End product of protein metabolism. Directly related to the metabolic function of the liver and excretory of the kidneys.
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3
Q

Electrolytes (LYTES)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. No special req, but NO HEMOLYSIS
  5. Positive and negative ions in the blood and urine that affect the acid-base balance and water balance.
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4
Q

Creatinine (CREA)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. NO special req or hand
  5. Waste product formed from creatinine metabolism in muscles. Elevated in kidney disease since the kidney is unable to remove wastes effectively in the blood.
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5
Q

Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. No special req, but no hemolysis and separate ASAP
  5. Enzyme found in the kidneys, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, etc. Remains elevated longer than CK or GOT after MI. Longer test, but more accurate diagnosis. Falsely elevated if red blood cells are damaged.
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6
Q

Uric Acid (UA)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. NO special req or hand
  5. Crystalline acid end product of purine metabolism. Excess must be excreted. Commonly part of renal and urinary calculi. Elevated levels in blood leads to precipitation in the joints and eventually, gout.
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7
Q

Bilirubin (BILI)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. Protect from light (as both special req and hand)
  5. Orange/yellow pigment in bile. Jaundice occurs if there is an excess. If found in serum, bilirubin combines with glucuronide which is the result of liver disease or blockage of the bile duct (Direct). Elevated any time there’s an increase of hemolysis. Levels over 376 mol/L can cause brain damage to infants.
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8
Q

Carotene (Caro)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)
  2. Fluid: Serum
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. Special req: patient must fast overnight and protect from light
    Special hand: protect from light
  5. Found in carrots, leafy veg, milk, egg yolks, etc. Stored in the liver and converted to vit A by the liver. Elevated in diabetes, myxedoma, hyperlipidemia, and chronic nephritis.
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9
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis Factor (RA Factor)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)
  2. Fluid: Serum
  3. Dept: Serology
  4. NO special req or hand
  5. Useful in diagnosing RA. Elevated levels may also indicate Lupus, TB, chronic hepatitis, mono, and bacterial endocarditis.
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10
Q

Antibodies (ANTI-DNA)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)
  2. Fluid: Serum
  3. Dept: Serology
  4. NO special req or hand
  5. Aids in the diagnosis of rheumatic disease and related conditions like Lupus.
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11
Q

Anti-Nuclear Antibody (ANA)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)
  2. Fluid: Serum
  3. Dept: Serology
  4. NO special req or hand
  5. ANA is a protein antibody that reacts against cellular nuclear material. Patients with autoimmune diseases have many abnormal antibodies.
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12
Q

Cholesterol/ Triglycerides (CHOL/TRIGS)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. Special req: patient must fast 8-12hrs, no special hand
  5. Cholesterol is an alcohol synthesized in the liver. Normal part of bile and important for normal metabolism. Elevated levels of cholesterol leads to atherosclerosis and increased mortality. Triglycerides are serum fats. Elevated levels of triglycerides may also lead to atherosclerosis. Fats are absorbed from the intestine as triglycerides, so the patient MUST fast.
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13
Q

Lipoproteins (HDL/ LDL)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. Special req: patient must fast 8-12hrs, no special hand.
  5. Transports cholesterol, triglycerides, and other fats. HDL carries cholesterol.
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14
Q

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

A
  1. Tube: Lavender
  2. Fluid: Whole blood
  3. Dept: Hematology
  4. No special req, but special hand = no hemolysis
  5. General screening test used to assess patient’s general health. Includes HCT, HgB, RBC count, WBC count, PLT count, RBC indices, and DIFF
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15
Q

Hematocrit (HCT)

A
  1. Tube: Lavender
  2. Fluid: Whole blood
  3. Dept: Hematology
  4. No special req, special hand = no hemolysis
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16
Q

Hemoglobin (HgB)

A
  1. Tube: Lavender
  2. Fluid: Whole blood
  3. Dept: Hematology
  4. No special req, special hand = no hemolysis
  5. Measures oxygen-carrying ability of RBCs
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17
Q

WBC Count

A
  1. Tube: Lavender
  2. Fluid: Whole blood
  3. Dept: Hematology
  4. NO special req and hand
  5. Number of WBCs present
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18
Q

RBC Count

A
  1. Tube: Lavender
  2. Fluid: Whole blood
  3. Dept: Hematology
  4. No special req, special hand = no hemolysis
  5. Number of RBCs in whole blood
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19
Q

PLT Count

A
  1. Tube: Lavender
  2. Fluid: Whole blood
  3. Dept: Hematology
  4. NO special req or hand
  5. Number of platelets in whole blood
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20
Q

DIFF

A
  1. Tube: Lavender
  2. Fluid: Whole blood
  3. Dept: Hematology
  4. No special req, special hand = no hemolysis
  5. Proportion of WBCs in whole blood
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21
Q

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

A
  1. Tube: Lavender
  2. Fluid: Whole blood
  3. Dept: Hematology
  4. No special req, special hand = no hemolysis
  5. Non-specific test for inflammation. Determines the rate at which RBCs settle. Recorded in mm/hr.
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22
Q

Albumin (ALB)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. No special req, special hand = NO hemolysis
  5. Albumin is necessary for growth and tissue repair. Most abundant protein in the body
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23
Q

Total Protein (TP)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. No special req, special hand = NO hemolysis
  5. Includes albumin and globumins
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24
Q

Cold Agglutinins (Cold Aggs)

A
  1. Tube: Pink/ SST(gold)
  2. Fluid: Serum
  3. Dept: immunohematology/ Blood Bank
  4. No special reqs, special hand = 37 degree C water bath after collection
  5. Antibodies causing clumping of red blood cells at temp from 10-30 degrees C. Elevated in some infections, anemias, and liver diseases.
25
Q

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. NO special reqs or hand
  5. Secreted by the pituitary gland and controls the thyroid hormone. As thyroid hormone decreases, TSH increases to release more hormone. Elevated when thyroid stops functioning properly.
26
Q

Triiodothyronine (T3)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. NO special reqs or hand
  5. Accurately measures thyroid function. Generally, when T3 is below normal, the patient is in a hypothyroid state.
27
Q

Thyroxine (T4)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. NO special reqs or hand
  5. Greater than normal levels indicate hyperthyroidism
28
Q

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)
  2. Fluid: Serum
  3. Dept: Serology
  4. NO special req or hand
  5. Most common associated with infectious mono. After recovery, a life-long and latent EBV-carrier status is established. May reactivate.
29
Q

Heterophil Antibody Test (MONO)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)
  2. Fluid: Serum
  3. Dept: Serology
  4. NO special req or hand
  5. Performed to aid in the diagnosis of infectious mono
30
Q

Creatine Kinase (CK) / Creatinine Phosphokinase (CPK)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. NO special req, special hand = no hemolysis
  5. Elevated after cardiac muscle, brain tissue, or skeletal muscle damage. Rises 4-6hrs post-MI, peaks at 18-30hrs, and drops to normal after 72hrs
31
Q

Prothrombin Time (PT) / International Normalized Ratio (INR)

A
  1. Tube: Lt. Blue
  2. Fluid: Plasma
  3. Dept: Coagulation
  4. Special req: must have full draw with 9:1 ratio
    Special hand: No hemolysis, spin + separate within 2hrs, no RBCs in plasma
  5. Evaluate the adequacy of the EXTRINSIC system and common pathway in the clotting mechanisms. Measures the clotting factor if fibrinogen, prothrombin, and factors II, V, VII, and X. Prothrombin time is prolonged when clotting factors are deficient
32
Q

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)

A
  1. Tube: Lt. Blue
  2. Fluid: Plasma
  3. Dept: Coagulation
  4. Special req: must have full draw with 9:1 ratio
    Special hand: No hemolysis, spin + separate within 2hrs, no RBCs in plasma
  5. Assesses INTRINSIC system and the common pathway or clot formation. Evaluates factors I, II, V, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII. Can indicate hemophillia (VII, IX). Factor II, IX, and X are vit-K dependent, and billiary obstruction can reduce their concentration and prolong APTT leading to hepatic dysfunction.
33
Q

Fibrin Split Products (FSP) / Fibrin Degradation Products (FDP)

A
  1. Tube: Lt. Blue
  2. Fluid: Plasma
  3. Dept: Coagulation
  4. Special req: must have full draw with 9:1 ratio
    Special hand: No hemolysis, spin + separate within 2hrs, no RBCs in plasma
  5. Direct indication of the activity of the fibrinolytic system. FDPs form when plasma dissolves fibrin clots. When present in large amounts, indicates increased fibrinolysis (eg. disseminated intravascular coagulation = DIC)
34
Q

D-Dimer

A
  1. Tube: Lt. Blue
  2. Fluid: Plasma
  3. Dept: Coagulation
  4. Special req: must have full draw with 9:1 ratio
    Special hand: No hemolysis, spin + separate within 2hrs, no RBCs in plasma
  5. Assess both thrombin and plasmin activity. Highly specific measurement of the amount of fibrin degradation. Positive results indicated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
35
Q

Random Glucose (RBS or GLU)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. Special req: confirm the last time patient ate or drank
    Special hand: None
  5. Can be used to determine current glucose levels
36
Q

Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. Special req: patient must fast a minimum of 8hrs. Best is 10-12hrs.
    Special hand: none
  5. Determines the level of glucose in the blood while patient is fasting. Used for diagnosis and treatment of diabetes
37
Q

Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. Special req: patient must fast a minimum of 8hrs. Best is 10-12hrs
    Special hand: none
  5. Taken at 1hr and 2hr
38
Q

*Glycosolated Hemoglobin (HgB A1C; Glycolated HGB)

A
  1. Tube: Lavender
  2. Fluid: Whole blood
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. NO special req, special hand = no hemolysis
  5. Used to manage diabetes as it measures the average concentration of glucose in the blood over the previous 4-8wks
39
Q

Complement (C3, C4)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)
  2. Fluid: Serum
  3. Dept: Serology
  4. NO special req or hand
  5. Protein testing. Increased values are seen with most inflammatory responses. Increased vascular permeability, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and immune adherence of the antibody to the antigen.
40
Q

Rh Grouping (ABO)

A
  1. Tube: Pink
  2. Fluid: Whole blood
  3. Immunohematology
  4. NO special req or hand
  5. Determination of blood grouping and whether Rh factor is present or not. Necessary prior to transfusions.
41
Q

Crossmatch (X match)

A
  1. Tube: Pink
  2. Fluid: Whole blood / plasma
  3. Immunohematology
  4. NO special req or hand
  5. Test to establish blood compatibility before transfusing
42
Q

Coomb’s Direct

A
  1. Tube: Pink/ Red
  2. Fluid: Plasma/ Serum
  3. Dept: Immunohematology
  4. NO special req or hand
  5. Used to detect antibodies against RBCs which can cause cellular damage. Mono, HDN, Lupus, and drugs are associated. These antibodies result in hemolytic anemia.
43
Q

Coomb’s Indirect

A
  1. Tube: Pink/ Red
  2. Fluid: Plasma/ Serum
  3. Dept: Immunohematology
  4. NO special req or hand
  5. Detects circulating antibodies against RBCs. Major purpose is to determine if the patient has serum antibodies to RBCs that he or she is about to receive by blood transfusions (other than ABO system)
44
Q

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)

A
  1. Tube: Dk green/ Lavender
  2. Fluid: Plasma
  3. Dept: Chem
  4. Special req: fast the night before the test
    Special hand: place on ice
  5. Study of anterior pituitary gland function to detect. Apparent in Cushing’s syndrome or Addison’s Disease
45
Q

Vitamin B12

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)
  2. Fluid: Serum
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. NO special req, special hand = allow to clot at room temperature for 20-30min
46
Q

Zinc (Zn)

A
  1. Tube: Royal blue
  2. Fluid: Serum
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. NO special req, special hand = separate within 45min and transfer to a plastic transport tube
  5. Aids in diagnosing and evaluating liver dysfunction
47
Q

Calcitonin

A
  1. Tube: SST
  2. Fluid: Serum
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. NO special req, special hand = allow to clot for 1-4hrs in an ice bath, then centrifuge, separate, and freeze immediately in a plastic vial
  5. Aids in evaluating suspected medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Elevated levels shown in medullary carcinoma.
48
Q

Human Chorionic Gonadotropic (HCG)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)
  2. Fluid: Serum
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. NO special req, special hand = keep refrigerated
  5. Pregnancy or testicular (prostate) cancer test
49
Q

Ferritin

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)
  2. Fluid: Serum
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. NO special req, special hand = keep refrigerated
  5. Aids in diagnosing and evaluating suspected bleeding disorders
50
Q

Amylase

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)
  2. Fluid: Serum
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. NO special req, special hand = keep refrigerated, avoid hemolysis, avoid lipemia
  5. Helps diagnose acute pancreatitis
51
Q

Lactic Acid (LA)

A
  1. Tube: Grey
  2. Fluid: Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. NO special req, special hand = keep on ice
  5. Lactic acid is created when muscles have insufficient oxygen
52
Q

Alcohol (Ethanol/ EtOH)

A
  1. Tube: Red/ Grey
  2. Fluid: Serum
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. Special req = DO NOT use alcohol as antiseptic
    No special hand: N/A
  5. Evaluates the degree of intoxication through blood alcohol levels
53
Q

Vitamin B12

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)
  2. Fluid: Serum
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. NO special req, special hand = allow to clot at room temperature for 20-30min, no hemolysis, keep refrigerated
54
Q

Aspartame Transaminase (AST)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. NO special req, special hand = allow to clot at room temperature for 20-30min, no hemolysis, keep refrigerated
  5. Helps diagnose acute and chronic liver disease
55
Q

Alanine Transaminase (ALT)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. NO special req, special hand = allow to clot at room temperature for 30min, no hemolysis, keep refrigerated
  5. Found mainly in the liver, but some exists in the kidney, heart, muscles, and pancreas. Elevated levels indicate liver damage
56
Q

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

A
  1. Tube: Red
  2. Fluid: Serum
  3. Dept: Serology
  4. NO special req, special hand = allow to clot at room temperature for 30min, keep refrigerated
  5. Diagnosis of HIV
57
Q

Calcium (Ca)

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)/ PST (lt. green)
  2. Fluid: Serum/ Plasma
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. Special req: do not pour over
    Special hand: keep refrigerated, and centrifuge with cap on
  5. Indicates bone cancer, nephritis, and multiple myeloma.
58
Q

Vitamin D

A
  1. Tube: SST (gold)
  2. Fluid: Serum
  3. Dept: Chemistry
  4. NO special req, special hand = allow to clot at room temperature for 20-30min

(S&L2) Order of Draw, Departments, Common Tests (3 decks)

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