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Skin > Common Terms > Flashcards

Common Terms Flashcards

1
Q

epidermis

A

barrier, protection, wound healing
melanin
keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells
SELF-RENEWING: sheds every 28+ days
stem cells in basal layer, differentiate as move up, shed at surface

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2
Q

dermis

A

structural and nutritional (vascular) support, innervation
fibroblasts, collagen, elastic, blood vessels, nerve endings
hair follicles, sweat and oil glands

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3
Q

Why is intact skin a poor host for organisms?

A

dry
impermeable
sheds
no vessels

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4
Q

desmosome

A

connects keratinocytes to one another

Ab: PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS

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5
Q

hemi-desmosome

A

basal cells of epidermis adhere to basement membrane (dermis-epidermis)
Ab: BULLOUS PEMPHIGOID

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6
Q

melanin

A

protects against UV radiation

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7
Q

hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

A

EDAR gene mutation: ectodysplasin A receptor

abnormal hair follicles, sweat glands, teeth, unable to regulate temp (OVERHEAT)

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8
Q

EDAR

A

gene for ectodysplasin A receptor: protein for proper interaction between developing ectoderm and mesoderm
HYPOHIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA

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9
Q

What are the 7 functions of skin and examples of their failure?

A
  1. barrier (dehydration, infection)
  2. immune (infection, autoimmunity, CA)
  3. repair (skin CA, ulcer)
  4. regulate temp. (hypo/hyperthermia)
  5. circulation (infarction, emboli, vasculitis)
  6. communication (itching, insensitivity)
  7. photoprotection (CA, photoaging)
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10
Q

subcutis

A

structural, vascular support and innervation
fat, blood vessels, fibrous septae
hair follicle
insulation, energy, protection

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11
Q

Four layers of epidermis

A

surface to BM

  1. stratum corneum
  2. stratum granulosum
  3. stratum spinosum
  4. stratum basale
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12
Q

stratum basale

A

source of stem cells

basal cells adhere to dermis through HEMIDESMOSOMES

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13
Q

adherens junctions

A

links actin filaments keratinocyte-keritinocyte

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14
Q

gap junctions

A

connexin proteins

cell-cell communication

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15
Q

stratum spinosum

A

cells stop dividing and start terminal differentiation

lipids: lamellar granules
spiny: visible DESMOSOMES

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16
Q

stratum granulosum

A

intracellular keratohyaline granules: includes profilaggrin

lipids in lamellar granules secreted into intercellular space to form water barrier

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17
Q

stratum corneum

A

nuclei and organelles degenerate and cells flatten
profillafrin processed into FILAGGRIN: keeps water in cells
KERATIN

18
Q

filaggrin

A

keeps water in cells

19
Q

keratin

A

structural cytoskeletal proteins in hair, skin, nails
combine with filaggrin in stratum corneum into microfibrils (INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS) that create protective layer
lots of CYSTEINE (sulfur containing)

20
Q

melanocytes

A

pigment producing dendritic cells
derived from NEURAL CREST
live along basal cell
produce melanin and transfers to keratinocytes: radiation-absorbing pigment

21
Q

Langerhans cells

A

dendritic cells in mid-epidermis
major immunology player in skin
recognize abnormal antigens in skin and process them, then present to lymphocytes in lymph nodes
allergic rxn, tumor surveillance

22
Q

Merkel cell

A

epidermis
associated with light touch
can develop into malignant tumor

23
Q

fibroblast

A

dermis
mesenchymal origin
synthesis and degradation of CT proteins: collagen, elastin
wound healing, scar formation

24
Q

mast cells

A 
dermis
histamine and heparin granules
triggered by IgE
allergic rxn, wound healing
WHEAL and FLARE
25
Q

sebaceous gland

A

oil gland associated with hair follicle

26
Q

pilosebaeous unit

A

hair follicle and sebaceous gland/apocrine gland and arrestor pili muscle

27
Q

apocrine gland

A

sweat glands in axilla and anogenital skin)

28
Q

eccrine sweat glands

A

true sweat glands
throughout body, not associated with hair follicle
regulate temperature by evaporation of cooling sweat

29
Q

macule

A

circumscribed area of skin differing in color or texture from surrounding skin
ex: freckles, flat nevi, cafe au lait, non palpable purport, petechiae, and ecchymoses

30
Q

patch

A

macule measuring greater than 2 cm in diameter

31
Q

papule

A

solid palpable elevation of skin measuring less than 0.5 cm in diameter

32
Q

nodule

A

solid mass of skin seen/palpated measuring greater than 0.5 cm in diameter

33
Q

plaque

A

elevated area of skin measuring 2cm or more in diameter

34
Q

wheal

A

elevated, compressible papule or plaque resulting from dermal edema
hives

35
Q

vesicle

A

circumscribed, fluid filled elevation of skin measuring less than 0.5 cm in diameter
ex: chicken pox, herpes simplex

36
Q

bulla

A

circumscribed, fluid filled elevation of skin measuring greater than 0.5 cm in diameter
blisters

37
Q

erosion

A

loss of epidermis that heals without scarring

eruption of vesicle or bullae

38
Q

ulcer

A

loss of epidermis and dermis as result of sloughing necrotic tissue

39
Q

petechiae

A

small, punctate hemorrhagic spot measuring 1-2 mm in diameter

40
Q

ecchymosis

A

macular hemorrhagic spot measuring greater than 2 mm in diameter
bruises

41
Q

purpura

A

discoloration of the skin or mucosal membranes by extravasated blood

Skin (8 decks)

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