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Common Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Acromioplasty

A

Surgical reforming of the acromion. Usually done to prevent impingement of the supraspinatus tendon.

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2
Q

Abrasion

A

A scraping away of a portion of skin or a mucous membrane as a result of injury or by mechanical means.

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3
Q

Acromion

A

An anatomical feature on the scapula. It forms the summit of the shoulder.

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4
Q

Acute

A

Having rapid onset, severe symptoms, and a short course; not chronic.

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5
Q

Adhesion

A

A fibrous band that holds parts together which are normally separated.

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6
Q

Arthroplasty

A

Surgical formation or reformation of a joint.

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7
Q

Arthroscope

A

A small, fiber-optic tube that is used for examining the interior of a joint.

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8
Q

Articulation

A

Place of union between 2 or more bones; a joint.

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9
Q

Atrophy

A

A wasting; a decrease in size of an organ or tissue.

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10
Q

Capsule

A

A sac-like envelope that encloses the cavity of a synovial joint.

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11
Q

Capsulitis

A

Inflammation of a capsule.

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12
Q

Cartilage

A

A specialized type of dense connective tissue consisting of cells embedded in a ground substance or matrix. It has no nerve or blood supply of its own. Hyaline cartilage covers the articular surfaces of bones and provides a smooth, gliding surface for movement.

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13
Q

Cervical Region

A

Section of the spine (made up of seven vertebra) that starts at the head and ends near the shoulder.

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14
Q

Coccyx

A

More commonly referred to as the tail bone. This is the lowest region of the spine.

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15
Q

Contracture

A

Temporary or permanent shortening of the muscle due to spasm or paralysis; a condition of fixed or high resistance to passive stretch of a muscle, as many result from fibrosis of tissues surrounding a joint.

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15
Q

Colles’ Fracture

A

The transverse fracture of the distal end of the radius with the displacement of the hand backward and outward.

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16
Q

Compound

A

Type of fracture where the bone is exposed through the skin. Usually called an open fracture.

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17
Q

Compressed Disc

A

An injury occurring in the spine when the jelly-like substance between the vertebrae slips out of place or is ruptured.

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18
Q

Corset

A

Back support is usually made of cotton, nylon, OR elastic.

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19
Q

Coronal (Frontal)

A

The plane dividing the body into equal/unequal front and back parts. The terms anterior/posterior relate to this plane.

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20
Q

Cruciate Ligaments

A

Knee ligaments that cross inside the knee joint (e.g. anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

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21
Q

Debridement

A

The removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue, especially in a wound.

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22
Q

Dislocation

A

Complete displacement of a joint.

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23
Q

Edema

A

Excessive accumulation of fluid in soft tissues.

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24
Excise
To cut out or remove surgically.
25
Extra-articular
Refers to the outside of the joint capsule.
26
Facet Joints
Joints of the spine that connect the vertebrae.
27
Fascia
A Fibrous membrane covering, supporting, and separating muscles.
28
Femoral Groove
Groove made by the femur guides the patella through flexion and extension of the knee. Also called the Trochlear Groove.
29
Fixation
Method of holding the fracture fragments in position following reduction.
30
Fracture
a complete or incomplete break in the continuity of bone or cartilage.
31
Hallux
The great toe.
32
Herniated Disc
An injury occurring in the spine when the jelly-like substance between the vertebrae slips out of place or is ruptured.
33
Horizontal
The plane dividing the body into upper and lower parts.
34
Impingement
An injury of the back when pressure is applied to the nerve as a result of a Bulging Disk.
35
Ligament
Connective tissue that connects bone to bone.
36
Lordosis
Condition of the spine where there is a visual exaggeration of the lumbar curve.
37
Kyphosis
A condition of the spine where there is a visual abnormal curvature of the thoracic spine
38
Bulging Disc
The jelly-like substance between the vertebrae slips out of place or is ruptured
39
Laceration
A cut; any wound made by a sharp or blunt object.
40
Bunion
An abnormal prominence on the inner aspect of the lst metatarsal head
40
Bursa
A fluid-filled sac between the tendon and bone to limit wear and tear
41
Median
The midline plane dividing the body into right/left halves
41
Lumbar Region
The section of the spine (made up of five vertebra) between the Thoracic Region and the Sacrum that is most commonly referred to as the low back.
41
Patella
Often referred to as the kneecap. It is a thick, triangular bone which articulates with the femur and covers and protects the knee joint.
42
Meniscectomy
Surgical procedure that removes a torn meniscus.
42
Meniscus
Crescent-shaped cartilage (medial and lateral) found within the knee joint.
43
Orthosis
Assistive device such as a support, brace, or splint that supports, aligns, prevents, or corrects the function of movable parts of the body.
44
Osteoarthritis
Degenerative joint disease.
45
Osteotomy
The operation of cutting out a piece of a bone.
46
Periosteum
The fibrous membrane covering the bones except at their articular structure.
47
Peripatellar
Patellofemoral pain around the kneecap.
48
Phalange
Plural form of the phalanx. Phalanges are fingers and/or toes.
49
Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD)
An inflammation and/or overstretching of the Posterior Tibial Tendon in the foot that supports the arch of the foot.
50
Primary Repair
Surgical procedure that utilizes the torn pieces of the structure.
51
Prosthesis
An artificial substitute or replacement of a part of the body such as a hip, knee, or other joints; leg, arm, etc. A prosthesis is designed for functional or cosmetic reasons or both.
52
Reduction
Correction of a fracture or dislocation. Can be open (through surgical exposure at the fracture site) or closed (does not require an operative incision to be made).
53
Q-Angle
Represents the relationship and alignment between the pelvis, leg, and foot in terms of degrees. 15 degrees is normal for an adult.
54
Resection
Partial excision of a bone or other structure.
55
Rigid Orthoses
A stiff support that controls the motion of the spine on all planes.
56
Sacrum
Large triangular bone at the base of the spine.
57
Sagittal
The plane diving the body into unequal left and right parts and parallel to the median plane
58
Scoliosis
A disease of the spine causing an abnormal “S”-shaped or “C”-shaped curve of the spine.
59
Spondylolysis
A stress fracture in one of the vertebrae of the spine.
60
Syndesmosis
A webbing of ligaments that hold the bottom ends of the tibia and fibula in place at the ankle
61
Synovial Membrane
Membrane lining the capsule of a joint. The fluid that lubricates this lining is called synovial fluid.
62
Subluxation
A partial or incomplete dislocation
63
Spondylolisthesis
Combines Spondylolysis with the movement of the vertebrae where they shift out of place.
64
Tendon
Connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.
65
Tendonitis
Inflammation of a tendon.
66
Thoracic Region
Section of the spine (made up of 12 vertebra) between the Cervical and Lumbar Regions that is characterized by having the ribs attached to the vertebrae.
67
Trochlear Groove
Notch or groove made by the femur that guides the patella through flexion and extension of the knee. Also called the Femoral Groove.
68
Valgus
A diagnosis used in describing knee OA, referring to the knees being turned inward or slightly knock-kneed.
68
Vertebrae
Refers to one of the 26 bones that make up the backbone or spine.
69
Varus
A diagnosis used in describing knee OA, referring to the knees being turned outward or slightly bowlegged.

Acronyms, Anatomical and Common Terms (4 decks)

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